AP Human Geo Chapter 10.1-10.2

Development

A process of improvement in the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Developed Country

A country that has progressed relatively far along the continuum of development.

Developing Country

A country that has made some progress towards development, though less than developed countries.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining a decent standard of living, a long and healthy life, and access to knowledge.

Gross National Income (GNI)

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The value of the output of gods and services produced in a country in a year.

Primary Sector

Includes activities that directly extract materials from Earth through agriculture and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry

Secondary Sector

Includes manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products.

Tertiary Sector

Involves the provision of goods and services, retailing, banking, law, education, and government.

Quaternary Sector

service jobs concerned with research and development, management and administration, and processing and disseminating information.

Quinary Sector

A subset of the quaternary sector, the highest level of those in the quaternary sector.

Productivity

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

Value Added

The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

Pupil/Teacher Ratio

The amount of students per teacher.

Literacy Rate

How many people can read and write.

Inequality-Adjusted HDI (IHDI)

Modification of the HDI to account for inequality within a country.

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

Measures the gender gap in the level of achievement for the three dimensions of the Human Development Index: income, education, and life expectancy.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Measures the gender gap in the level of achievement in three dimensions: reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market.

Female labor force participation rate

The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births.

Adolescent Fertility Rate

The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19.