UNIT 1: Honors World History

Agricultural Revolution

Occurred 10,000-15,000 years ago when humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to farming, leading to the establishment of permanent settlements and the development of complex societies. They domesticated animals and focused on growing calories dense crops in the beginning but eventually all different ones.

Catal Hoyuk

An important Neolithic settlement located in present-day Turkey, known for its large size and complex societal structure, providing insights into early agriculture and urban life.

Cave Paintings

Ancient artworks created in caves, often depicting animals and human activities, reflecting the culture and beliefs of prehistoric societies.

Complex Society

A social organization characterized by a high level of cultural, economic, and political development, including social hierarchies, specialized labor, and often centralized governance.

Domestication

The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use, leading to agricultural development and the establishment of settled communities.

Forager

A person who subsists by hunting, gathering, and collecting wild plants and animals, often in a nomadic lifestyle.

Gender and gender roles

The way women and men divided work through lifestyles

Homo Sapiens

Scientific Name for our species

Hunter-Gatherer

People that obtain food through foraging, hunting, and fishing (Did not participate on agriculture)

Metallurgy

Metallurgy is the science and technology of extracting metals from their ores, refining them, and creating usable tools or artifacts. 

Neanderthal

A species very closely related to homo sapiens that went extinct roughly
35,000 to 30,000 years ago. Existed alongside early homo sapiens with
genetic evidence of interbreeding between our two species.

Neolithic

the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.

Nomadic

Describing a lifestyle characterized by frequent movement from one place to another, rather than settling permanently in one location. Nomadic peoples, such as hunter-gatherers, often move seasonally to follow food sources, water, or grazing lands for their livestock. This way of life requires adaptability, strong communal bonds, and a deep understanding of the environment, contrasting sharply with sedentary agricultural societies.

paleolithic

Refers to the 'Old Stone Age,' the earliest and longest period of human history, spanning from about 2.62.6 million years ago to roughly 10,00010,000 BCE. It is characterized by the use of simple, chipped stone tools; a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle; the discovery and control of fire; and the development of early forms of art, such as cave paintings and portable figurines. This era saw the evolution of various hominin species, including Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens.

Patriarchy

a social system where men hold primary power and dominate roles in leadership, authority, and control of property, often leading to women and girls being marginalized and facing gender inequality.

Prehistory

the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.

Specialization of labor

Specialization of labor is the process of dividing a large task into smaller, specialized roles where individuals focus on a specific set of tasks to develop expertise.

Technology

Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge to achieve specific goals, resulting in tools, systems, and methods that improve human life.

Textile

a type of cloth or woven fabric.

Urbanization

the process of making an area more urban.

Venus Figurines

Venus figurines are prehistoric statues with varied interpretations, but current theories suggest they likely served as symbols of fertility and survival, especially during the harsh Ice Age climate.