Lecture 4: phylogeny

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10 Terms

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Speciation timeline

On average 10,000-100,000 years species survive around 5-10 million on average

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Phylogenetic relationships

Inferred from morphological and molecular characteristics

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Homology

Character similarity resulting from common ancestor

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Analogy

Non homologous due to convergent evolution

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Cladistics

Analysis of ancestral and derived characters used to construct cladogram

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Cladogram

Diagram used in cladistics to show evolutionary relationships between organisms

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Clade

A unit of evolutionary common descent that includes lineage and all dependents

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Monophyletic clade

Includes the most recent common ancestor and all descendants

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Paraphyletic clade

Most recent common ancestor and some but not all decendents

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Polyphyletic clade

Doesn’t include most recent ancestor of all members (group has at least two separate evolutionary origins)