Lecture 4: phylogeny
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10 Terms
Speciation timeline
On average 10,000-100,000 years species survive around 5-10 million on average
Phylogenetic relationships
Inferred from morphological and molecular characteristics
Homology
Character similarity resulting from common ancestor
Analogy
Non homologous due to convergent evolution
Cladistics
Analysis of ancestral and derived characters used to construct cladogram
Cladogram
Diagram used in cladistics to show evolutionary relationships between organisms
Clade
A unit of evolutionary common descent that includes lineage and all dependents
Monophyletic clade
Includes the most recent common ancestor and all descendants
Paraphyletic clade
Most recent common ancestor and some but not all decendents
Polyphyletic clade
Doesn’t include most recent ancestor of all members (group has at least two separate evolutionary origins)
Note 
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