Biochemical pathways' enzymes

Hexokinase

enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation (adds a P glucose) of glucose to yield glucose 6phosphate using ATP; first step of glycolysis, irreversible

Phosphohexose isomerase

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization (rearrange the molecules) of glucose 6phosphate to fructose 6phosphate; second step of glycolysis

Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1)

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to fructose 6phosohate to yield fructose 1,6bisphosphate; third step of glycolysis

Aldolase

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of fructose 1,6bisphosphate to yield two different triose phosphates: glyceraldehyde 3phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate; fourth step of glycolysis

Trios phosphate isomerase

enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde; fifth step of glycolysis, reversible

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3phosphate; sixth step of glycolysis

Phosphoglycerate kinase

enzyme that transfers the high energy phosphoryl group from the carboxyl group of 1,3bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming ATP and 3phosphoglycerate; seventh step of glycolysis

Phosphoglycerate mutase

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible shift of the phosphoryl group between C2 and C3 of the phosphoglycerate; phosphate (PO32neg) moves from 3 to 2; eighth step of glycolysis

Enolase

enzyme that promotes the reversible removal of a molecule of water from 2phosphoglycerate to yield phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP); ninth step of glycolysis

Pyruvate kinase

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP; tenth step of glycolysis

TCA/Citric acid cycle/krebs cycle

occurs in the mitochondrion, only have to match enzymes to reactions; eight steps

Citrate synthase

enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of acetyl coA; first step of the citric acid cycle

Aconitase (aconitate hydratase)

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transformation of isocitrate to tricarboxylic acid cis aconitate; second step of the citric acid cycle

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to form alpha ketoglutarate; third step of the citric acid cycle

Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

enzyme that converts alpha ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA ; fourth step of citric acid cycle

Succinyl CoA synthetase (succinic thiokinase)

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of converting succinyl CoA to succinate; fifth step of the citric acid cycle

Succinate dehydrogenase

flavoprotein that oxidizes succinate into fumarate; sixth step of citric acid cycle

Fumarase

enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of fumarate to malate; seventh step of citric acid cycle

Malate dehydrogenase

enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of Lmalate to oxaloacetate; eighth step of the citric acid cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation/ETC

biochemical process where electrons enter via electron carrier, typically resulting from the action of dehydrogenases; occurs in the mitochondrion

NADH dehydrogenase

large enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of NADH to ubiquinone; first step of ETC

Succinate dehydrogenase

only membrane bound enzyme complex in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the transformation of succinate to ubiquinone

Ubiquinone cytochrome c oxidoreductase

enzyme complex that catalyzes the change of ubiquinone to cytochrome C

Cytochrome oxidase

large enzyme complex that carries electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen reducing it to water;the fourth complex of the ETC

Chemiosmotic model

electrochemical energy necessary in the difference in proton concentration and the separation of charge across the inner membrane; model of the electron transport chain

Proton motive force

energy stored in the chemiosmotic model gradient of the ETC that drives the synthesis of ATP as protons flow passively through a proton pore; associated with ATP synthase