Chapters 1-5

Characteristics of life

Organization, energy use, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, evolution.

Scientific hypothesis

A testable and falsifiable explanation.

Bond responsible for water cohesion

Hydrogen bonds.

Definition of pH

Measure of hydrogen ion concentration.

Four major macromolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Reaction that builds polymers

Dehydration synthesis.

Reaction that breaks polymers

Hydrolysis.

Monomers of proteins

Amino acids.

Monomers of nucleic acids

Nucleotides.

Primary energy molecule of the cell

ATP.

Cells lacking a nucleus

Prokaryotes.

Organelle for photosynthesis

Chloroplast.

Organelle that produces ATP

Mitochondria.

Function of ribosomes

Protein synthesis.

Function of Golgi apparatus

Modify, sort, and package proteins.

Why phospholipids form membranes

They are amphipathic (hydrophobic + hydrophilic).

Osmosis

Diffusion of water across a membrane.

Active transport

Movement against a concentration gradient requiring energy.

Facilitated diffusion

Diffusion using a transport protein.

Fluid mosaic model

Membrane is fluid with proteins embedded throughout.