Chapter 1 What is Biotechnology? Advithi B 6th period
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52 Terms
What is the definition of biotechnology?
fusion of technology
What are three traditional biotechnology products?
Yogurt, bread, and cheese
What are two examples of modern biotechnology products?
Therapeutic drugs, enzymes in laundry detergents
When did the modern biotechnology industry begin?
1976
When did early humans begin selectively breeding plants and livestock?
800 BC
When was wine first invented?
4000 BC
Who developed brewing and cheesemaking? When?
Sumerians and Egyptians. 2000 BC
What was the first antibiotic used? Which culture? When?
soybean curds, Chinese, and 500 BC.
Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? When?
Edward Jenner 1796.
Who discovered proteins?
Jons Jakob Berzelius
When was the Origin of Species published?
1859
When was pasteurization first developed?
1861
When did Mendel establish the principles of genetics?
1865
Who developed the first rabies vaccine? What year?
1885
When did the term “biotechnology” first appear in print?
1919
Who discovered penicillin? What year?
Andrew Fleming, 1928
Who discovered DNA as the carrier of genetics info?
Oswald Avery
Who was the double-helix structure of DNA discovered?
Watson and Crick
when was mRNA discovered?
1961
When was the gene first completely synthesis?
1971
When was recombinant insulin produced? By which company?
1973.Stanley Cohen and Herbert Bayer
When was DNA fingerprinting first used?
1984
When were the first genetically modified tobacco plants grown?
1986
When was the Human Genome Project launched?
1990
What was the first cloned mammal? What year?
Dolly the sheep. 1997
When was Golden Rice developed?
1999
When was the Human Genome Project completed?
When was the first HPV vaccine approved?
2003
When was the first self-replicating bacterial cell created?
2010
When was CRISPR-CAS9 used for gene editing?
2012
When were mRNA vaccines first used?
2021
What are the different sectors in biotechnology?
Biological research, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing
What are the key techniques in biotechnology?
Molecular biology, cell biology, genetic engineering
What is Ethical consideration around biotechnology?
“can we? does not equal should we”
What are the tools in biotechnology?
Whole cells, DNA, RNA, proteins
What are two of the key instruments in biotechnology?
Spectrophotometers and PCR
What is chromotography?
sorting
What is gene transfer?
delivery system
What is protein purification?
final product
What is spectrophotometers?
for light absorption
What is PCR?
machines for DNA replication.
What are the key concepts behind using biotechnology in national defense?
Rapid ID
Vaccines
Stockpiling
Therapeutic
Which company was the founding biotechnology company? What was the first product?
Genetech
What is the difference between biotech and pharmaceutical industries?
pharma = chemical drugs
biotech = biological drugs
Who are the key users of biotechnology?
FDA,EPA,USDA,OSHA
What is genomics?
—
What is proteomics?
—
What is precision medicine?
—
What happens during the drug discovery phase of drug development?
—
What happens during the phase 1?
What happens during phase 2 clinical trials?
What happens during phase 3 clinical trials?