Chapter 1 What is Biotechnology? Advithi B 6th period

What is the definition of biotechnology?

fusion of technology

What are three traditional biotechnology products?

Yogurt, bread, and cheese

What are two examples of modern biotechnology products?

Therapeutic drugs, enzymes in laundry detergents

When did the modern biotechnology industry begin?

1976

When did early humans begin selectively breeding plants and livestock?

800 BC

When was wine first invented?

4000 BC

Who developed brewing and cheesemaking? When?

Sumerians and Egyptians. 2000 BC

What was the first antibiotic used? Which culture? When?

soybean curds, Chinese, and 500 BC.

Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? When?

Edward Jenner 1796.

Who discovered proteins?

Jons Jakob Berzelius

When was the Origin of Species published?

1859

When was pasteurization first developed?

1861

When did Mendel establish the principles of genetics?

1865

Who developed the first rabies vaccine? What year?

1885

When did the term “biotechnology” first appear in print?

1919

Who discovered penicillin? What year?

Andrew Fleming, 1928

Who discovered DNA as the carrier of genetics info?

Oswald Avery

Who was the double-helix structure of DNA discovered?

Watson and Crick

when was mRNA discovered?

1961

When was the gene first completely synthesis?

1971

When was recombinant insulin produced? By which company?

1973.Stanley Cohen and Herbert Bayer

When was DNA fingerprinting first used?

1984

When were the first genetically modified tobacco plants grown?

1986

When was the Human Genome Project launched?

1990

What was the first cloned mammal? What year?

Dolly the sheep. 1997

When was Golden Rice developed?

1999

When was the Human Genome Project completed?

When was the first HPV vaccine approved?

2003

When was the first self-replicating bacterial cell created?

2010

When was CRISPR-CAS9 used for gene editing?

2012

When were mRNA vaccines first used?

2021

What are the different sectors in biotechnology?

Biological research, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing

What are the key techniques in biotechnology?

Molecular biology, cell biology, genetic engineering

What is Ethical consideration around biotechnology?

“can we? does not equal should we”

What are the tools in biotechnology?

Whole cells, DNA, RNA, proteins

What are two of the key instruments in biotechnology?

Spectrophotometers and PCR

What is chromotography?

sorting

What is gene transfer?

delivery system

What is protein purification?

final product

What is spectrophotometers?

for light absorption

What is PCR?

machines for DNA replication.

What are the key concepts behind using biotechnology in national defense?

Rapid ID

Vaccines

Stockpiling

Therapeutic

Which company was the founding biotechnology company? What was the first product?

Genetech

What is the difference between biotech and pharmaceutical industries?

pharma = chemical drugs

biotech = biological drugs

Who are the key users of biotechnology?

FDA,EPA,USDA,OSHA

What is genomics?

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What is proteomics?

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What is precision medicine?

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What happens during the drug discovery phase of drug development?

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What happens during the phase 1?

What happens during phase 2 clinical trials?

What happens during phase 3 clinical trials?