Very large test!

Microcomputer

Used for patient record keeping, data analysis, and education.

What diseases are caused by viruses?

AIDS, EBOLA, Influenza, Polio.

Chain of infection

Includes the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Standard precautions have be Developed by

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Sterile Field

A designated area that is free of pathogens and microbes to reduce the risk of infection.

When do you wear an N95 mask?

If there is potential exposure to inhalation hazards or high concentrations of particulates.

How do you control the spread of infection?

Thorough hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Fomite

An object or surface that can carry and transmit infectious organisms.

PPE with contact precautions

Gloves, Gown, Mask.

Examples of Airborne Disease

Tuberculosis (TB), Measles, Chickenpox (Varicella), COVID-19.

Hepatitis B

A viral infection that affects the liver, spread through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids.

What does OSHA enforce?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration enforces workplace safety standards to protect employees from hazards.

Fluids that can transmit disease/infection

Blood, Semen, Vaginal fluids, Breast milk, Cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and amniotic fluids.

Feet positioning for lifting a box

Feet should be 12 inches apart or shoulder width apart.

What should you do if a particle falls in your eye?

Avoid rubbing the eye, flush the eye with water.

What is needed to start a fire?

Heat, Fuel, Oxygen.

Class C Fire

involves electrical equipment, such as wiring, appliances, and circuit breakers.

What does a hospital pharmacist do?

Dispense medications, monitor patient responses, advise doctors on drug selection and dosage, ensure medication safety.

What do labs rely on for testing?

Specimen samples, lab equipment, and reagents.

What is an ECG?

An electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart to detect abnormalities.

Ultrasonography

A diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs and tissues.

Telemedicine

The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients through telecommunication technology.

How are insurance claims submitted?

Electronically through medical billing software.

Nonpathogens

Microorganism that are part of the normal flora and are beneficial in maintaining body processes

Spirilla

Are spiral or corkscrew shaped

Examples of viruses are

SARS, WNV

Other viral diseases of major concern

Hepatitis B (Liver), Hepatis C (Liver)

Rickettsiae

Parasitic microorganism that rely on other living organisms in order to live

Health care associated infection (HAI)

An infection acquired by an induvial in a health care facility

Chain of infection (6 links) is?

Factors of transmission or spread of a disease

Infectious agent

A pathogen, such a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease

Reservoir

An area where the infectious agents can live

Portal of exit

Sneezing, touching, Gi tract (Diarrhea)

Mode of transmission

A way that the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live

Susceptible host

A person likely to get an infection or disease

Washing hands

Regular handwashing with plain soap, and water is the best means of preventing infection

Antiseptic hand rub (Hand sanitizer)

Can be used unless hands are visibly soiled

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Developed a set of common sense practices called standard precautions, which was initially devolved by OSHA

Provide personal protective equipment (PPE)

Protective barriers such as mask, gown, gloves and protective eyewear that help protect a person from contact with infectious material

The regulations require all health care facility employers to

Enforce rules on activates (eating, drinking, etc) in any potentially contaminated area

Employers must

Provide employee training about the regulations and all potential biohazards

Basic rules of standard precautions include

Gowns-inside of gown after being used is considered not contaminated

Sterile Field

2 inches around the outside of a sterile field would be considered contaminated

Various techniques can be used to remove articles from sterile wraps

Keep hands in front of the body and below the waist

Airborne precautions

Ex: Tuberculous, measles and chickenpox-use N95 or N99 mask when coming in contact with those patients

Contact Precautions

Healthcare worker needs to wear gloves and gown