AMH2020 - Exam 2

Russo-Japanese War

Conflict between Russia and Japan from 1904-1905 over imperialism for Korea and Manchuria. During this Russia was on the decline and Japan was growing due to industrialization leading to its victory. The war was ended by the Treaty of Portsmouth negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt and earning him the Noble Prize.

William Howard Taft

27th president of the United States who won the 1908 election, he was campaigned for by Roosevelt and spent his presidency pushing “Dollar Diplomacy” because he believed with a good economy there will be less conflict and more stability.

Dollar Diplomacy

Created by William Taft to get involved with other countries economically to ensure financial stability and extend/promote American interest abroad.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, only democratic president to serve during the progressive era (while Republicans dominated) and was the leader into WWI.

16th Amendment

Allows the government to levy taxes without basing it off states and their populations. (berry unconstitutional) This also taxes the richest people 1% of their income (with exceptions.

Federal Reserve Act

Creation of 12 federal banks to manage the circulation of money in the United States. (also created agencies idk which ones tho)

Lusitania

British boat that was taken down by the German Navy (killed 1,197 people and made people hate Germany). This led to the temporary end of unrestricted maritime warfare in the UK.

Zimmerman Telegram

Message sent to Mexico from Germany that if the U.S joins the war Mexico will invade the U.S to help Germany, this broke diplomatic code and made the U.S join the war.

Selective Service Act

States have to draft people into the army during the height of wartime because people would be more likely to join. (men between 21 and 30 are forced to register)

Convoy System

Basically, all ships are sent to the same place and travel together.

John Pershing

General during WWI who was born in Missouri and was a veteran. The picked him because he’s very serious and would not be influenced by Britain or other leaders. He also wanted all American soldiers to fight together and be led by an American.

Battle of Belleau Wood

First major battle fought by the US in the Marne River in France (we won pog) in WWI with 10,000 casualties and 800 dead. Germans threw everything they had so now they’re cooked.

Battle of Somme

Last fight of WWI in 1916 with Allies v. Germans, we beat them but suffer 120,000 causalities and 20,000 deaths. (tanks were also introduced pog)

Armistice

Not particularly a peace Treaty but an agreement that the war was over.

14 points

Proposal made by Woodrow Wilson to end WWI with “peace w/o victory” (doesn’t work bc we already won??) It states that there will be free negations of the seas, equality to choose who you want to govern your country, no secret alliances, an arms reduction and it created the League of Nations.

Great Migration

The movement of black people from the rural South to the industrialized North and West for factory jobs.

Chicago Race Riot

People get VIOLENTLY racist after the war because black men come back from war and want to be treated with respect. (duh) This was the most aggressive in the summer of 1919 in REDACTED with severe outbreaks of racially motivated violence. kids get stobed :(

Communist International

A collection of political parties that advocated for world communism from 1919 to 1943. This was led and controlled by the soviet Union.

Palmer Raids

A set a raid conducted to capture and deport suspected anarchist and communist. (lowk cray) These raids particularly targeted Italian and Jewish immigrants.

19th Amendment

Prohibits the US and its states from denying people the right to vote based on sex, so giving women the right to vote.

Warren Gamaliel Harding

29th president of the US who won the 1920 election, born in Ohio and died in 1923. His presidency was based on promising to lower taxes and saying he wouldn’t send men to war, making him incredibly popular.

The immigration Act of 1924

Opened the borders for immigration allowing 350,000 people to come into America each year. What people were allowed in were based on whatever percentage of a nationality made up the American population, that percentage of the 350,000 would be allowed in. (this is rlly hard to explain but if 2% of the US population was Chinese 2% of the 350,000 immigrants let in would be Chinese.)

18th Amendment

PROHIBITION OF ALCHOL WE GETTIN DRY!!!!!

Volstead Act

Was designed to execute the 18th amendment and made the possession and sale of alcohol illegal. (repealed in 1933)

Calvil Coolidge

30th president of the US who won the 1924 election and served for 2 terms. Republican from Massachusetts who was a v serious man (not cunty) and served during an economic boom because of post-war stuff. (he also supported women’s suffrage and didn’t like prohibition!)

Dawes Plan of 1924

Germany is fucking up the economy by printing too much money, so this plan was issued by the Allies to fix it. 1. France, Italy and Britain accept less money from Germany, 2. US loans Germany money, 3. Germany takes money out of its economy and 4. US nominates ½ of Germanys national bank to make them lock in.

Kellogg - Briand Act

Two guys promise to ban war. (not 2 guys but all allies you get me?)

Herbert Hoover

31st president of the US won the 1928 election, republican from Iowa. This presidency was SAD bruv great depression hits, and it fucks EVERYTHING up. Bro simultaneously does too much and too little all at the same time.

Al Smith

Democrat running in the 1928 election from New York. (first Catholic) "Vote for REDACTED and Make Your Wet Dreams Come True."

The Great Depression

Insane economic recession that started in 1929 and lasted 10+ years, caused unemployment, stock market crashes and banks closures. It started because too many people used credit, banks gave out too many loans, we invested too much money into Europe, stocks go down and people take their money out due to fear and lastly, 3 major industries hit an “everyone’s has one” point at the same time.

Dust Bowl

Period of severe dust storms in the 1930s that damaged the agriculture economy greatly. When drought would come it would turn all the soil and crops into sand, so when winds came the wind would pick up the sand and blow it away…..

Bonus Army

Based on the Bonus Bill where WWI veterans were promised 1,000$ in 25 years. (1945) HOWEVER, it was the great depression, and veterans wanted their money STAT, so they would break into closed government buildings for housing. They also got violent with police, so Hoover called the Army and veterans were killed. :(

Franklin Roosevelt

32nd president who won the 1932 election he served from 1933 until his death in 1945 (11 years so almost 4 TERMS) His first 2 terms were spent aiding the Great Depression and his second 2 were helping Americas involvement in WWII.

The New Deal

A list of bills the Rosevelt passed to make the Great Depression “easier to deal with.” They were supposed to build economic confidence, pass bills based on the Omaha Platform and give out government invented jobs to help unemployment.

Emergency Banking Act

Told all banks to shut down so no one else can pull their money out, give out a 1 billionth to banks to settle fears of civilians and limited what banks can invest in.

FDIC

Agency that tells banks to buy insurance on investors so if the bank goes bankrupt or smth you are entitled to up to 100,000 of what you had.

Security Exchange Commision

Polices the stock market to make sure everyone is treated the same and there is no insider trading. Also, no more credit in the stock market!

Federal Housing Authority

The government gives banks money so they can give civilians a loan to buy a house that they have to may over a 30-year mortgage.

Fireside Chats

Roosevelt yaps on the radio to civilians about things going in office and in the country. This was to build familiarity and ease fears about the Great Depression. (the people loved him)

Agriculture Adjustment Administration

A program created to restore agriculture prosperity where crops were set at a price that wasn’t too expensive for consumers but also was enough that farmers could survive off of it. Then the government would figure out how much of that crop needed to be in circulation and how much land it would take up. after THAT only certain farmers would be allowed to plant those crops and other farmers would be paid to NOT grow that crop. They would send inspectors to make sure farmers were not dilly dallying and growing corn when they weren’t supposed to. (this also ended share-cropping pogchamp)

Executive Order 6102

NO MORE GOLD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A list of things the big companies could do to make the economy better like end child labor, a 40/hr work week and minimum wage. If companies did this, they’d get like a sticker of yippee and companies without the sticker often got boycotted.

Rural Electrification Program

Program that gave unemployed people jobs by paying them to set up power lines everywhere while also giving electricity to people who never had it!

Public Works Administration

Large scale public works construction agency created by the government to give unemployed people jobs. People just building to build but they were important things like roads, schools, bridges, ee tee cee.

Federal Writers Project

Out of work writers would be employed by the US government archive to read documents and type them up instead of them being handwritten.

Public Works of Art Project

Employed out of work professional artist to sculptures, paintings, crafts and designs for public buildings and parks during the Great Depression.

Tennesse Valley Authority

Creation of dams in and around the Tennesse valley to help water transportations and give poorer communities access to electricity. This employed the INCREDIBLY poor locals (they were livin in the 1800s) and was the only place they had enough power to create a bomb!

Civilian Conservation Corps

Young men are sent to different places in groups and paid to build things like National Parks, roads and anything else the government needs. This also got them used to the aura of being in the army as well as stopped revolutions.

Eleanor Roosevelt

The first-first lady (haha) to actually do anything productive and set the president (???) that if your first lady you’ve gotta do something. She pushed for reform and human rights; she was v active in the community, and she created many charities!

Soviet Union

A multi-continental country that spanned over most of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 it was formed to push and expand communism all across the globe. Joseph Stalin the one who came into power after Vladimir Lennin, pushed rapid industrialization and collectivism which in return led to famine and millions of deaths.