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What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
The heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
What does Systolic pressure measure?
The pressure against the walls of arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood.
What does Diastolic pressure indicate?
The pressure left over in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
What is Hemophilia?
A condition where a person’s blood has difficulty clotting.
What is Thrombophilia?
A condition where there is excessive clotting in the blood.
What are the first signs of shock?
Cool, clammy skin and possibly cyanosis.
What is the body's tolerance for blood loss?
The body will not tolerate a blood loss greater than 20% of blood volume.
What is Anaphylactic Shock?
A severe shock that results from an allergic reaction.
What is Compensated Shock?
A state where the body's mechanisms maintain adequate blood flow despite decreased perfusion.
What happens during Decompensated Shock?
The body's compensatory mechanisms begin to fail, leading to inadequate perfusion and oxygenation.
Define Hypoperfusion.
Inadequate supply of blood to the tissues, leading to oxygen deprivation and potential organ failure.
What are signs of Internal Bleeding?
Pain, swelling, distention, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, and bruising.
What does a Thready pulse indicate?
A weak and rapid pulse often seen during shock.
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System in blood flow?
It monitors the body’s needs and adjusts blood flow by constricting or dilating blood vessels.
What is the significance of a 10-minute time frame without oxygen to the brain?
After 10 minutes, severe detriments occur, and the patient may need life support.
How much blood can a person safely donate at one time?
Approximately 1 pint or 500 ml.
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling—used for assessing internal bleeding.
What are characteristics of External Bleeding?
Poor general appearance, no response to stimuli, significant rapid blood loss, and inability to control bleeding.
What indicates internal bleeding in pediatrics?
Capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds.
What is the role of Hemostatic dressing?
A dressing impregnated with a chemical that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation.
What should you do before applying a tourniquet?
Ensure direct pressure is applied to control bleeding first.
What are late signs of Hypovolemic Shock?
Weakness, dizziness, cold moist skin, tachycardia, and altered LOC.
What are the symptoms of Cardiogenic Shock? (9)
Chest pain
Irregular pulse
Weak Pulse
low BP
Cyanosis
Cool, Clammy Skin
Anxiety
Crackles
Pulmonary edema
What is the treatment for Cardiogenic Shock?
Position comfortably, administer high flow o2, assist in ventilation
Symptoms of Obstructive Shock
(dependent on the cause) dyspnea, thready pulse, rapid shallow breaths, decreased lung compliance, unilateral decreased or absent breath sounds, decreased BP, JVD, subcutaneous emphysema, tracheal deviation towards the unaffected side
What are the symptoms of Shock due to Beck Triad? What kind of Shock is this? What kind of condition is this?
This condition is Cardiac tamponade and leads to obstructive shock characterized by hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous distension.
What is the treatment of obstructive shock?
Administer high flow o2
What causes septic shock?
A severe infections
What are the symptoms of Septic Shock
Warm or fever, tachycardia, low BP
How would you treat Septic Shock?
Prompt transport, high-flow o2, assist ventilations, Keep warm (unless they are too hot ofc which they likely can be)
What is the MAIN cause of Neurogenic Shock?
Damaged cervical spine
What are the symptoms of Neurogenic Shock?
Bradycardia, low BP, tachypnea, signs of injury (if applicable)
How would you treat Neurogenic Shock?
Secure airway, C-Spine, high-flow o2, keep warm
What are the signs of Anaphylactic shock?
mild itching, burning kin, vasodilation, generalized edema, coma, rapid death
(I don’t know why it didn’t say it but stridor!)
What is the treatment of Anaphylactic Shock?
Determine duration of unconsciousness
Supine
Record Various
Record PMS
Know when to suspect head injury (the symptoms of it)
What kind of Shock is associated with Pump Failure?
Cardiogenic and Obstructive
What is kind of shock is associated with Poor Vessel Function?
Distributive shock, including septic, anaphylactic, psychogenic and neurogenic shock.
Why kind of Shock is associated with low fluid volume?
Hypovolemic Shock (Including Hemorrhagic Shock and Nonhemorrhagic)