First Two Years Psychosocial

smiles when you talk or smile at her; looks at your face; calms when spoken to or picked up

2 months

chuckles but not full laugh, smiles on own to get your attention

4 months

knows familiar people, looks at self in the mirror, laughs

6 months

shy, clingy, fearful around strangers; shows facial expressions of happy, sad, angry, surprised; reacts when you leave; smiles or laughs when you play peek-a-boo

9 months

plays games like pat-a-cake

12 months

copies other children while playing, claps when excited, hugs stuffed doll, shows affection

15 months

moves away from you, but looks to make sure you are close by; points to show you something; puts hands out for you to wash them; helps you dress him by pushing arm through sleeve

18 months

notices when others are hurt or upset; looks at your face to see how to react in a new situation

24 months

contentedness (ex. when baby is full of food) and distress (ex. when baby needs a diaper change

What are typical newborn emotions?

anger

What is a typical 4-8 month old new emerging emotion?

It gets stronger.

What happens with anger at 1 year?

reflexive fear

present at birth and in very young infants

• afraid of sudden loud noises, for example

fear

Along with anger, what emotion grows stronger by age 1-2?

synchrony

mutual exchange between parent and child (attunement to each other)

attachment

refers to the connection between one person and another

• influences relationships through life

• universal

age 1 (ex. child reaches from parent’s hand and leg

At what age does attachment become physical for the child?

• comfortable and confident attachment

• parent is seen as a reliable base for infant to explore and return back

• parent provides assurance

secure attachment

Secure

_______ attachment is more likely if:

• Infant temperament is easy

• Parents not stressed

• Parents had secure attachment in their childhoods

• Parent sensitive for child’s needs

• child plays independently without seeking contact

• avoids connection with caregiver

• infants seems to not care about caregiver being present, leaving, or returning

insecure-avoidant attachment

Insecure-Avoidant

___________ attachment is more likely if:

• Parents stressed (financial, other children, marriage)

• Parents intrusive or controlling

• Father with alcoholism

• Infant temperament slow to warm up

• Opposite of Insecure-Avoidant

• Infants are angry

• Infants clingy when they are left

Insecure-Resistant/Ambivalent Attachment

Insecure-Resistant/Ambivalent Attachment

____________ attachment is more likely with:

• children who have difficult temperament

• mothers who are depressed

• No consistent strategy

• Sometimes they avoid, sometimes they resist in an unorganized pattern

• Kiss and hit parent

• Staring blankly and intense crying

• Injure self and freeze

• Most worrisome type

disorganized attachment

disorganized attachment

__________ attachment is more likely with:

• mother with paranoia

• mother with alcoholism

• high parental stress

Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 18 months)

One of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages:

• Infant learns whether they can trust their caregivers

• Getting basic needs met

• Babies look for consistency and sameness

• Will I get the food I need?

• Will someone comfort me when I am upset?

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (starts 18 months)

One of Erikson’s Psychosocial stages:

• Self-awareness starts to emerge

• Toddlers want more independence over their actions and their bodies

• When there is a lack of control, they feel ashamed and uncertain