UARK BIOL 10103 - Exam 3 Chapter Questions

Alternative forms of a gene that influence the same trait and are found at the same location in homologous chromosomes are called

Alleles

Which of the following represents the physical characteristics of the individual?

Phenotype

What are alleles?

Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

The ____ indicates the gene combination of an individual

Genotype

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning the law of independent assortment?

It follows the observation that all maternal chromosomes end up in the egg

Which is NOT true according to Mendel's law of segregation?

Each gamete contains one copy of each allele

Mendel's law of segregation implies that the two members of an allele pair

Are distributed to separate gametes

In a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving two homozygous genotypes, the ____ generation is always completely heterozygous.

F1

What will the genotypic ratio be of a monohybrid cross of two individuals who are both heterozygous for a trait?

25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive

A pheasant breeder starts with two birds in the P generation, one of which is AA and the other is aa. If he takes two of the birds from the F1 generation and breeds them together, what can he expect in his F2 offspring?

AA, Aa, and aa.

A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot. What is the genotype of the parents?

woman Aa; man aa

Some plants fail to produce chlorophyll due to a recessive trait. What are the likely phenotypes?

About one-fourth will be white and three-fourths green since it is similar to a monohybrid cross.

A cross is made between AaBB and aabb. How many show both dominant traits?

16

In guinea pigs heterozygous cross phenotype ratio

1 black short hair, 1 black long hair, 1 brown short hair, 1 brown long hair

In humans AaMm x AaMm both traits chance

9/16

Which cross gives 1:1:1:1 ratio?

Two-trait test cross

Two heterozygous guinea pigs result

9 black short hair, 3 black long hair, 3 brown short hair, 1 brown long hair.

PKU disorder

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Irregular red blood cells disorder

Sickle cell disease

Wavy hair parents curly child chance

25%

Four o'clock flower pink offspring chance

50%

Traits controlled by multiple genes

Polygenic

Blending of phenotypes

Incomplete dominance

Red + white = pink

Incomplete dominance

Multiple genes additive

Polygenic inheritance.

Red + white = red splotches

Codominance

Cold weather changes rabbit

Phenotype

Hydrangea color change

Environmental effects

Test cross with yellow pea

a green-seeded plant

Testcross unknown genotype crossed with

Homozygous recessive

Yellow body inheritance in flies

The yellow body is recessive to the wild-type.

Pedigree genotype

Heterozygous

Pedigree type

Autosomal Recessive

AB blood + O child

False

Gene location on chromosome

a locus

Sex determined by

Y

Colorblind female children percent

0%

Colorblind cross percent children

50%

Colorblind woman passes allele

all her children

Carrier mother son colorblind chance

50%, since the mother is only a carrier

Clotting disorder

Hemophilia

Loss of chromosome

Monosomy

Extra chromosome

Trisomy

Nondisjunction XXY origin

XXY; spermatogenesis

Failure to separate chromosomes

Nondisjunction

XXY syndrome

Klinefelter

XO syndrome

Turner syndrome

Loss of chromosome part

Deletion

Piece moves chromosome

Translocation

Repeat segment

Duplication.

Repeat addition

Duplication

Flip segment

Inversion.

pO gamete process

Crossing Over

Nondisjunction stage

Meiosis I.

Down syndrome always trisomy

False

Colorblind genotype

XB Xb

Lamarck factor

The Environment

Lamarck giraffe idea

Giraffes stretching their necks led to offspring with longer necks

Learned behavior NOT true

This learned behavior will not cause evolutionary change in the population.

Darwin observation

South American finches were likely ancestors of Galápagos finches.

Biogeographer NOT study

Genetic makeup of organisms in similar environments

Rock evidence

Fossil record

Reduced structures

Vestigial structures

Hardy Weinberg NOT required

Small population with genetic drift

HW equilibrium result

No evolution occurs because allele frequencies remain constant

Founder effect false

It occurs after a near-extinction event followed by recovery.

Population crash

Bottleneck effect

Genetic drift correct

An allele can become fixed when the alternative allele disappears.

DNA change

Mutation

Migration alleles

Gene flow

NOT evolution factor

Unchanging environmental conditions

Inbreeding

Nonrandom mating

Snails no speciation

There is no reproductive isolation preventing gene flow.

Intermediate traits

Stabilizing selection

Extreme trait favored

Directional selection

Geographic speciation

Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

Reproductive isolation develops within the same geographic area

Allopatric speciation

Populations are separated by geography

Closest related species

Rhesus monkey and capuchin

Closest relationship

Green monkey and capuchin

Tuna fin vs dolphin

Analogous structures

Island lizards

Founder effect

Cheetah diversity

Bottleneck effect

Hawks mice

Natural selection

Flood mice

Genetic drift

New allele

Mutation

Different breeding time

Temporal isolation

Different pollen placement

Mechanical isolation

Courtship behavior

Behavioral isolation

Different habitat

Habitat isolation

Microbes exclude

Plants

Microbe definition

small enough that a microscope is required to see them

Miller experiment

the primitive gases can react together to produce small organic molecules.

Absent molecule

Oxygen

Energy NOT source

Sound.

Archaea relationship

Archaea and eukarya share nucleic acid similarities, so eukarya split off from archaea.

Domains

Archaea and Bacteria.

DNA transfer pilus

Conjugation.

DNA uptake

Transformation.

Horizontal transfer correct

Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a sex pilus.