Exercise Physiology Exam 1 Review TTU Chapter 2

Bioenergetics

The process of converting food into energy

1st law of thermodynamics

energy in a living system is constant. It is not created or destroyed, rather transformed from one form to another and cannot be depleted.

Function of enzymes and co enzymes

A protein molecule that facilitates a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. (energy required)

Rate limiting enzymes

rate at which the entire reaction occurs depends on the rate at which a particular enzyme works

creatine kinase

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC).

Hexokinase

enzyme that catalyzes glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

lactate dehydrogenase

converts pyruvate to lactate

phophorylase

turns glycogen into glucose

Phosphofructokinase

rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis

Glycogenesis

the formation of glycogen from glucose molecules in the liver and muscle

Glycogenolysis

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Gluconeogenesis

the generation of glucose from a non carb source

depletion hypothesis

intramuscular ATP and PCr are small and depletion occurs rapidly

accumulation

increase acidity of inorganic phosphorus and H+, causes our muscles to hurt and stomach to burn

ATP-PCr System

Provides energy for 10-15 seconds

There is only a small amount ATP in cells and must be replenished quickly by PCr

anaerobic

Glycolysis

Becomes the primary source of energy at 30 seconds and lasts 2-3 minutes

Oxidative

becomes primary after 2-3 minutes

ATP production in glycolysis

Gross production is 4

However net production if started with glucose is 2

glycogen is 3

NADH production in glycolysis

2 NADH

The fate of pyruvate in glycolysis

1. converted in lactate

2. shuttled to the mitochondria for the krebs cycle

Adaptations for glycolysis

Train at high intensity (for 30 seconds)

less rest in between sets

Interactions between anaerobic and aerobic metabolisms

Both are present at any given time. They are prominent at different times.