Exam IV Ortho w/Instruments

Depth Gauge

Mallet

Bone Tamp

Townley Caliper

Bone Cement Injector

Drill Guide

4-mm Sheath with Obturator

Kirschner Wires

Steinman Pins

Jacobs Chuck & Key

Plate Bending Pliers

Lead Hand

Gigli Saw

Stryker System 6 Power

Stryker Core System

Cordless Driver 4

Drill Bit Set

Bone File

Miller Rasp

Key Periosteal Elevator

Freer Elevator

Liston Bone Cutter

Stille Bone Gouge

Stille Bone Chisel

Stille Bone Osteotome

Lambotte Osteotome

Pin Cutter

Bruns Oval Curettes

Stille-Leur Rongeur

Zaufel-Jansen Rongeur

Cushing Rongeur

Shaver

Plate Forceps

Lowman Bone Clamp

Needlenose Pliers

Pliers

Arthroscopy Probe

Bennett Retractor

Hibbs Retractor

Beckman Retractor

Murphy-Lane Bone Skid

Bone Hook

Mini Hohmann Retractor

Charnley Retractor

Israel Rake Retractor

Cobra Retractor

Taylor Hip Retractor

Sharp hohmann retractor

Arthroplasty

the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

Arthralgia

pain in a joint

Arthritis

inflammation of a join

Osteoarthritis 

degenerative disease of the joint and is a normal part of aging

Rheumatoid arthritis 

autoimmune disease resulting in abnormal stiffness and fixation of joints

Bucket handle tear 

abnormalities of the internal structures of the knee joint. The torn edge resembles a bucket handle

Ganglion of tendon sheath

cystic growth commonly occurring on the dorsum of the wrist

Osteochondritis

inflammation of bone and cartilage

Osteoma

tumor of the bone

Osteomalacia 

a softening of bone caused by loss of calcification

Osteomyelitis 

Inflammation and infection of the bone and bone marrow, usually caused by bacteria. Staphylococci are the most common causative bacteria

BLANK are the most common causative bacteria

Staphylococci

Osteonecrosis [Avascular Necrosis] 

Destruction and death of bone tissue. Frequently occurs in the head of the femur due to a disease process or trauma that obstructs or destroys the blood supply to the femoral head

Osteoporosis 

decreasing bone mass causing the bones to become brittle and fragile

Bunion

A bony protuberance on the medial aspect of the first metatarsal. Associated with a hallux valgus deformity

Hallux Valgus

A bony prominence projecting from a bone is called an exostosis

Coxa Valga

Outward turning of the hip joint

Coxa Vara

Inward turning of the hip joint

Genu Valgum – “Knock-kneed”

The knees are in close position and the space between

the ankles is increased

Genu Varum – “Bowlegged”

The space between the knees is abnormally increased and the lower leg bows outwardly.

Talipes valgus

outward turning of the foot away from the midline

Talipes varus

inward turning of the foot toward the midline

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

genetic and congenital condition that involves defective development of connective tissue, resulting in deformed and abnormally brittle bones that are easily fractured

Dislocation

displacement of bone from its socket, usually caused by trauma.

Fracture

discontinuity of the normal alignment of bone. Most fractures are caused by accidents, although some are pathological (fractures caused by diseased bones)

If the bone pierces the skin, it is called a BLANK

[Time limit for surgery to decrease risk of infection.]

compound or open fracture

If it does not pierce the skin, it is called a BLANK

simple or closed fracture

Continuous through the bone is called BLANK

(Whether or not the bone pierces the skin)

complete

Not continuous is called BLANK

incomplete or partial

Linear fracture

runs parallel to the axis of the bone

Spiral fracture

curves around the bone

Transverse fracture

is across the bone

Intra-articular fracture

is on the joint surfaces

Malignant Neoplasms

1. Ewing’s Tumor

2. Multiple Myeloma

3. Osteosarcoma

Benign Neoplasms

1. Chondroma

2. Giant Cell Tumor

3. Osteoma

Avulsion fracture

a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it

Bucket Handle fracture

an injury to the metaphysis which is the growing plate at each end of a long bone

Butterfly fracture

large, triangular fracture fragments seen commonly in comminuted long bone fractures

Displaced fracture 

when the ends of the bone have come out of alignment

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Inflammation 

approx. 2 days

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Cellular Proliferation

begins on 2nd day

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Callus Formation

3 - 4 weeks

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Ossification

2-3 weeks following injury and can last 3-4 months

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Remodeling

maintenance state of normal bone

When a bone fracture occurs, complete bone healing is expected in BLANK. The site of injury should be completely immobilized (internal or external fixation) and in proper alignment

8 – 12 weeks

 

Delayed Union –

An increase in the healing time of fractures

Distraction –

bone fragments that are separated so that bone contact does not occur

Avascular Necrosis – (traumatic injury or vascular system)

When circulation cannot be reestablished after a decreased blood supply to the bone may lead to irreversible necrosis

Compound fracture –

Compromises the integrity of the skin, allowing microorganisms to enter that may cause a bone infection. (Osteomyelitis)

Nonunion -

When the fractured bone ends do not meet

Malunion –

When the fracture heals in a position that does not resemble the original form of the bone