Exam IV Ortho w/Instruments

Depth Gauge

Mallet

Bone Tamp

Townley Caliper

Bone Cement Injector

Drill Guide

4-mm Sheath with Obturator

Kirschner Wires

Steinman Pins

Jacobs Chuck & Key

Plate Bending Pliers

Lead Hand

Gigli Saw

Stryker System 6 Power

Stryker Core System

Cordless Driver 4

Drill Bit Set

Bone File

Miller Rasp

Key Periosteal Elevator

Freer Elevator

Liston Bone Cutter

Stille Bone Gouge

Stille Bone Chisel

Stille Bone Osteotome

Lambotte Osteotome

Pin Cutter

Bruns Oval Curettes

Stille-Leur Rongeur

Zaufel-Jansen Rongeur

Cushing Rongeur

Shaver

Plate Forceps

Lowman Bone Clamp

Needlenose Pliers

Pliers

Arthroscopy Probe

Bennett Retractor

Hibbs Retractor

Beckman Retractor

Murphy-Lane Bone Skid

Bone Hook

Mini Hohmann Retractor

Charnley Retractor

Israel Rake Retractor

Cobra Retractor

Taylor Hip Retractor

Sharp hohmann retractor

the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint

Arthroplasty

pain in a joint

Arthralgia

inflammation of a join

Arthritis

degenerative disease of the joint and is a normal part of aging

Osteoarthritis 

autoimmune disease resulting in abnormal stiffness and fixation of joints

Rheumatoid arthritis 

abnormalities of the internal structures of the knee joint. The torn edge resembles a bucket handle

Bucket handle tear 

cystic growth commonly occurring on the dorsum of the wrist

Ganglion of tendon sheath

inflammation of bone and cartilage

Osteochondritis

tumor of the bone

Osteoma

a softening of bone caused by loss of calcification

Osteomalacia 

Inflammation and infection of the bone and bone marrow, usually caused by bacteria. Staphylococci are the most common causative bacteria

Osteomyelitis 

Staphylococci

BLANK are the most common causative bacteria

Destruction and death of bone tissue. Frequently occurs in the head of the femur due to a disease process or trauma that obstructs or destroys the blood supply to the femoral head

Osteonecrosis [Avascular Necrosis] 

decreasing bone mass causing the bones to become brittle and fragile

Osteoporosis 

A bony protuberance on the medial aspect of the first metatarsal. Associated with a hallux valgus deformity

Bunion

A bony prominence projecting from a bone is called an exostosis

Hallux Valgus

Outward turning of the hip joint

Coxa Valga

Inward turning of the hip joint

Coxa Vara

The knees are in close position and the space between the ankles is increased

Genu Valgum – “Knock-kneed”

The space between the knees is abnormally increased and the lower leg bows outwardly.

Genu Varum – “Bowlegged”

outward turning of the foot away from the midline

Talipes valgus

inward turning of the foot toward the midline

Talipes varus

genetic and congenital condition that involves defective development of connective tissue, resulting in deformed and abnormally brittle bones that are easily fractured

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

displacement of bone from its socket, usually caused by trauma.

Dislocation

discontinuity of the normal alignment of bone. Most fractures are caused by accidents, although some are pathological (fractures caused by diseased bones)

Fracture

compound or open fracture

If the bone pierces the skin, it is called a BLANK

[Time limit for surgery to decrease risk of infection.]

simple or closed fracture

If it does not pierce the skin, it is called a BLANK

complete

Continuous through the bone is called BLANK

(Whether or not the bone pierces the skin)

incomplete or partial

Not continuous is called BLANK

runs parallel to the axis of the bone

Linear fracture

curves around the bone

Spiral fracture

is across the bone

Transverse fracture

is on the joint surfaces

Intra-articular fracture

1. Ewing’s Tumor

2. Multiple Myeloma

3. Osteosarcoma

Malignant Neoplasms

1. Chondroma

2. Giant Cell Tumor

3. Osteoma

Benign Neoplasms

a bone fragment is pulled away from its main body by soft tissue that is attached to it

Avulsion fracture

an injury to the metaphysis which is the growing plate at each end of a long bone

Bucket Handle fracture

large, triangular fracture fragments seen commonly in comminuted long bone fractures

Butterfly fracture

when the ends of the bone have come out of alignment

Displaced fracture 

approx. 2 days

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Inflammation 

begins on 2nd day

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Cellular Proliferation

3 - 4 weeks

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Callus Formation

2-3 weeks following injury and can last 3-4 months

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Ossification

maintenance state of normal bone

Stages of Normal Bone Healing

Remodeling

8 – 12 weeks

When a bone fracture occurs, complete bone healing is expected in BLANK. The site of injury should be completely immobilized (internal or external fixation) and in proper alignment

An increase in the healing time of fractures

 

Delayed Union –

bone fragments that are separated so that bone contact does not occur

Distraction –

When circulation cannot be reestablished after a decreased blood supply to the bone may lead to irreversible necrosis

Avascular Necrosis – (traumatic injury or vascular system)

Compromises the integrity of the skin, allowing microorganisms to enter that may cause a bone infection. (Osteomyelitis)

Compound fracture –

When the fractured bone ends do not meet

Nonunion -

When the fracture heals in a position that does not resemble the original form of the bone

Malunion –

An increase in pressure within a closed space that leads to neurovascular vascular compromise

Compartmental Syndrome –