LECTURE 5

Pancreatic Secretions

Essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Structure of the Pancreas

Main pancreatic duct with lobular and intercalated ducts, acinar cells, and Centro acinar cells.

Pancreatic Enzymes

Protease, lipase, and amylase for protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion.

Regulation of Enzyme Secretion

Controlled by hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin, and nervous stimulation.

Bicarbonate in Pancreatic Juice

Important for neutralizing stomach acid and increasing pH in the small intestine.

Regulation of Bicarbonate Secretion

Secretin binds to receptors, leading to bicarbonate release through a complex process.

Pancreatitis

Inflammatory condition caused by gallstones, alcohol, or improper enzyme activation, leading to digestion issues.

Free Radicals

Unstable molecules causing inflammation, implicated in pancreatitis.

Hypertriglyceridemia

Condition with elevated triglyceride levels, linked to pancreatitis risk.

Chylomicrons

Large molecules transporting digested fats, potentially blocking pancreatic capillaries.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas, triggered by factors like excessive lipase production.

Choline Esterase

Enzyme present in insecticides and scorpion venom, leading to pancreas stimulation and inflammation.

CCK

Hormone activating zymogens in acinar cells, inhibiting enzyme secretion, and potentially causing pancreatitis.

Bile

Fluid aiding fat digestion, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Bile Salts

Compounds necessary for fat digestion and absorption, aiding in emulsification of fats.

Biliary Circulation

Process of recycling bile salts from the ileum back to the liver, crucial for digestion.

Bile Secretion Control

Regulated by choleretics stimulating liver bile production and cholegogs triggering gallbladder release.

Malabsorption in Biliary Disease

Conditions like gallstones leading to impaired fat digestion, resulting in steatorrhea and vitamin deficiencies.

Gallstones

Common in the population, caused by excessive cholesterol mobilization and genetic factors, leading to various symptoms like jaundice.