Cardiovascular Study Guide

artery

-carry blood away from the heart or into an organ

-muscular, smooth muscled layered, elastic tissue

-thick walled to handle increase in blood pressure

aorta

the ___ separates the left ventricle from the ___

aneurysm

an abnormal swelling or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, such as an artery.

Atherosclerosis

thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery.

Bradycardia

a slower than normal heart rate

Bundle of His

-AV bundle

-found in the interventricular system

-an elongated segment connecting the AV Node and the left and right bundle branches of the septal crest.

Cardiac arrest

occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops pumping.

Chordae tendinae

fine connective tissue threads that connect cusps to papillary muscles (heart strings)

Capillary

-extremely numerous

-very short (1mm)

-very small diameter (6.0 micrometers)

-connect arteries to veins

-site of gaseous, nutrient, and waste exchange

-one cell layer thick

-form plexus or __ bed

Cardiovascular disease

a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions.

Cholesterol

-a waxy substance found in your blood

-to build healthy cells, but high levels of cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease. With high cholesterol, you can develop fatty deposits in your blood vessels.

Diastole

relaxation and repolarization phase (makes the the dup sound)

Endocardium

-smooth but uneven surface (continuous with the endothelium in blood vessels)

-makes up the heart wall

Epicardium

-outer layer of the heart wall

-connective tissue and fat

EKG

an electrical record of the activity of the heart

Fossa Ovalis

remnant of the foramen ovale (hole between left and right atria) that allows blood from the atria to mix before the lungs are active during gestation

hypertension

when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher)

superior vena cava

top carries blood to the right atrium

inferior vena cava

bottom carries blood to the right atrium

murmur

sounds made when there are problems with the valves

myocardium

muscular layer in the heart wall

myocardial infarction

colloquially known as "heart attack," is caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium

mitral valve

It helps blood flow in the correct direction from your left atrium to the left ventricle

Aortic Semilunar valve

one of two semilunar valves. connect your heart left ventricle (lower chambers) and arota

Pulmonary semilunar valve

the passageways between your heart right ventricle (lower chambers) and arteries.

Tricuspid valve

controls the flow of blood from your heart's right atrium (top chamber) to the right ventricle (bottom chamber)

Intercalated discs

lines in the cardiac muscle tissue

Stenosis

narrowing of the orifice

Tachycardia

a heart rate over 100 beats a minute

vein

carry blood to the heart or towards the organ

thinner walls lower pressure on the sides of capillaries

lower oxygen content

are connected to artries via cappilaries

Pericardium

The thin, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart, including the top of the heart that is connected to major blood vessels, such as the aorta and vena cava.

atrium

separated by the tricuspid valve

holds both SA and AV nodes

eceives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle or ventricles

ventricle

left one is larger

separated by the interventricular spetum

a chamber of the heart which receives blood from an atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries.

Varicose veins

bulging superfical veins that could not stand the increased pressure from gravity and weight

SA Node

pacemaker

located in the wall of the right atrium

close to the vena cava

produces regulat stimuli

impulse spreads over the atria

causes the atria to contract

AV Node

located in the wall between the right atrium and right ventricle

stimulated by SA node impulses

delays the impulse by a few microseconds

impulse travels to the bundle of his

branched to the purkinjie fibers

Purkinje fiber

connected to the AV node

electrical conduction and propagation of impulse to the ventricular muscle

Normal Blood Pressure

ess than 120/80 mmHg

athletic heart rate

40 beats per minute.

Papillary muscles

prevent back flap of cusps

connected by chordae tendinae

Heart Sounds

systole and distole

P wave

responds to the exicitation of the atria

QRS complex

excitiation of the ventricles

T wave

repolarization of the ventricles

Pericardium

The thin, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart, including the top of the heart that is connected to major blood vessels, such as the aorta and vena cava.

systole

contraction phase makes the lub sound