History: Section 4 - Grade 7

Who was Martin Luther?

A German Priest who brought changes in Europe with his opposition to Catholicism

What did Martin Luther's religious beliefs not include?

The Pope

What did Martin Luther do?

his ideas for the reformation of the Catholic Church gave rise to the Protestant Reformation

What did Native Americans die from?

The diseases the Spanish unknowingly brought with them.

Who sponsored Columbus' first voyage in August 1492?

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain

Columbus thought he reached the Indies but it was actually

South America

What did Queen Isabella want to do?

to claim new land but she also wanted to spread Christianity.

What was the social class?

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Native Americans, and finally enslaved Africans.

The development of large nations - states in Western Europe helped

spark foreign trade and travel outside the region.

The monarchies of Spain, Portugal, England, and France looked for ways to

increase their power and wealth.

Queens and Kings also wanted to explore to find

new pathways to find silks and herbs.

What helped navigators determine their location?

Better maps and navigational instruments such as the astrolabe and compass

Larger and sturdier vessels, such as the caravel, enabled sailors

to travel faster, and carry more people, food, and cargo.

What made it possible to sail in the wind?

The Stern rudder and triangular sail

All these technological advances enable sailors to

explore new territories for the queens and kings.

The Spanish established 3 kinds of settlements:

Pueblos or towns were centers of trade
Missions were religious communities
Presidios were forts and were usually built near a Mission.

what are pueblos?

civilian towns

Who were the Peninsulares?

those who owned land and ran the local government and served in the Catholic Church.

Who were creoles?

people born in the Americas to Spanish parents.

Who were mestizos?

people with both Spanish and Native American parents.