Understanding Urinary Elimination and Related Procedures

A set of flashcards covering essential vocabulary and concepts related to urinary function and medical procedures discussed in the lecture.

Sterility

The state of being free from bacteria or other living microorganisms in a surgical or clinical environment.

Sterile field

A designated area that is free from all microorganisms; vital for maintaining cleanliness in clinical procedures.

Catheter kit

A collection of instruments and supplies needed for catheterization procedures.

Anatomy and Physiology (A&P)

The study of the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the human body, essential for understanding medical concepts.

Urinary elimination

The process of expelling waste products from the body in the form of urine.

Kidneys

Organs that filter blood, remove waste products, and regulate water and electrolyte balance.

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Electrolyte balance

The maintenance of the proper concentration of electrolytes (like sodium and potassium) in the body.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine.

Proteinuria

The presence of abnormal quantities of protein in urine, often indicating kidney disease.

Glomerulus

A network of capillaries in the kidneys involved in the filtration of blood.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

Erythropoietin

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)

A urinary tract infection that occurs in patients with urinary catheters.

Bladder

A hollow muscular organ that stores urine.

Urethra

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Urination (micturition)

The act of expelling urine from the bladder.

Incontinence

The inability to control urination; can lead to involuntary leakage of urine.

Polyuria

The production of excessive amounts of urine.

Oliguria

A reduced urine output less than 30 milliliters per hour.

Nocturia

The need to wake up at night to urinate.

Dysuria

Painful or difficult urination.

Ureter

The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Detrusor muscle

The muscle layer of the bladder that contracts to expel urine.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder often caused by a urinary tract infection.

Autonomic dysreflexia

A medical emergency condition seen in individuals with spinal cord injuries, characterized by extreme hypertension, headache, and sweating.

Continent urinary diversion

A surgical procedure that creates a reservoir for urine, allowing controlled drainage.

Incontinent urinary diversion

A surgical procedure that leads to continuous urine flow to a collection bag outside the body.

Void

To pass urine.

Frequency

Increased urination occurring more than eight times while awake.

Urgency

A sudden, strong need to urinate.

Stress urinary incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure.

Reflex urinary incontinence

Involuntary loss of urine due to abrupt bladder filling and nerve damage.