LEQ LOL

Adamson Act

A 1916 law that established an eight-hour workday for railroad workers and mandated overtime pay for hours worked beyond that limit.

Keating-Owen Act

a child labor law that restricted the sale of goods produced by factories that employed children under certain ages.

Clayton Antitrust Act

A 1914 law aimed at preventing anti-competitive practices by prohibiting specific business activities and protecting the rights of labor unions.

Muller v. Oregon

A landmark 1908 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of a law limiting women's work hours based on their perceived weaker physical capacity and societal roles.

Federal Trade Commision

a government agency established in 1914 to promote consumer protection and eliminate harmful monopolistic business practices.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A tragic industrial disaster in 1911 in New York City that led to the deaths of 146 garment workers, highlighting the need for improved workplace safety regulations and labor rights.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that began at the Pullman Company in Chicago, leading to significant disruptions in rail traffic and a violent confrontation between strikers and federal troops, eventually resulting in federal intervention.

Haymarket Affair

A labor protest rally that took place in Chicago in 1886, which turned violent after a bomb was thrown, resulting in the deaths of several police officers and civilians, and subsequently leading to the arrest and execution of several anarchists.

Industrial Workers of the World

A radical labor organization founded in 1905 that aimed to unite all workers and promote socialism through direct action and organized strikes.

American Federation of Labor

A national federation of labor unions in the United States, founded in 1886, that focused on skilled workers and advocated for better wages, working conditions, and hours through collective bargaining.

Knights of Labor

A notable labor organization founded in 1869 that aimed to include all workers in its ranks, advocating for broad social reforms, including the eight-hour workday and equal pay for equal work.

How the Other Half Lives

is a seminal photojournalistic work by Jacob Riis, published in 1890, that exposed the living conditions of the urban poor in New York City, highlighting issues of poverty, overcrowding, and social injustice.

The Jungle

is a novel by Upton Sinclair, published in 1906, that exposed the harsh conditions and exploitation of immigrant workers in the Chicago meatpacking industry, leading to public outrage and reform in food safety.

The Shame of the Cities

is a collection of articles by Lincoln Steffens, published in 1904, that critiques political corruption in American cities and advocates for reforms to combat graft and improve municipal governance.