Neuro (UMN, LMN, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum)

What is the location/diagnosis of an upper motor neuron lesion?

central nervous system

What is the location/diagnosis of a lower motor neuron lesion?

peripheral nervous system

What is the location/diagnosis of a basal ganglia lesion?

basal ganglia

What is the location/diagnosis of a cerebellum lesion?

cerebellum

What are the structures involved in upper motor neuron lesion?

cortex

brainstem

spinal cord

What are the structures involved in lower motor neuron lesion?

peripheral nerves

nerve roots

cranial nerves

What are the structures involved in basal ganglia lesion?

basal ganglia

What are the structures involved in cerebellum lesion?

cerebellum

Describe the tone in upper motor neuron lesion

increased (hypertonia)

velocity dependent

Describe the tone in lower motor neuron lesion

decreased (hypotonia)

Describe the tone in basal ganglia lesion

rigidity

Describe the tone in cerebellum lesion

decreased

Describe the reflexes for upper motor neuron lesion

hyperreflexia/abnormal reflexes (clonus, babinski)

Describe the reflexes for lower motor neuron lesion

hyporeflexia

absent

Describe the reflexes for basal ganglia lesion

decreased

normal

Describe the reflexes for cerebellum lesion

decreased

normal

Describe the sensation for upper motor neuron lesion

decreased

Describe the sensation for lower motor neuron lesion

decreased

Describe the sensation for basal ganglia lesion

normal

Describe the sensation for cerebellum lesion

normal

Describe the involuntary movements for upper motor neuron lesion

muscle spasms (flexor or extensor)

Describe the involuntary movements for lower motor neuron lesion

denervation (fasciculations)

Describe the involuntary movements for basal ganglia lesion

resting tremors

Describe the involuntary movements for cerebellum lesion

none

Describe the voluntary movements for upper motor neuron lesion

movements in synergic patterns

Describe the voluntary movements for lower motor neuron lesion

weak or absent

Describe the voluntary movements for basal ganglia lesion

bradykinesia

akinesia

Describe the voluntary movements for cerebellum lesion

ataxia: intention tremor

dysdiadochokinesia

dysmetria

nystagmus