ED 323 Intro to Exceptional Learners Test 2 (4 Disorders)

A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written.

what is a learning disorder?

A 2004 federal law ensuring children with disabilities are not excluded or marginalized in the classroom.

what does IDEA stand for in special education law?

identifies what conditions are included in a learning disability and confirms it is not caused by a physical issue.

what is the inclusionary standard?

states what conditions are excluded from the diagnosis of a learning disability.

what is the exclusionary standard?

the difference between a student’s IQ and academic performance used to identify a learning disability.

what is the discrepancy standard?

learning disabilities

what disability is the most prevalent?

true

true/false: boys are 2-4 times more likely to have LD’s than girls

dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and auditory processing disorder.

what are 4 LD’s other than dyslexia and ADHD?

a neurological developmental disorder causing lack of coordination.

what is dyspraxia?

a learning disability affecting the understanding and manipulation of numbers.

what is dyscalculia?

a disorder affecting writing and organizing thoughts on paper

what is dysgraphia?

a reading disorder affecting the ability to read

what is dyslexia?

dysphonetic, visual, attentional, neglect, and double deficit dyslexia.

what are the types of dyslexia?

difficulty processing sounds and remembering or differentiating words.

what is dysphonetic dyslexia?

letters appear to jump from one word to another.

what is attentional dyslexia?

difficulty honoring the correct sequence of letters

what is neglect dyslexia?

short-term memory, long-term memory, and working memory

what are the 3 types of memory?

how students process information in order to remember it

what is working memory?

moving a body part across the imaginary line dividing the body in half

what is crossing the midline?

it is essential for reading, writing, bilateral coordination, and motor development

why is crossing the midline important?

switching hands, turning the body, using each hand only on its side, and difficulty kicking with both feet

what are signs a child struggles with crossing the midline?

simon says, clapping games, stringing beads, etc.

what are 3 activities that improve crossing midline?

difficulty producing sounds, voice quality, or fluency of speech

what is a speech disorder?

difficulty with communication as a whole, including receiving, understanding, and expressing ideas

what is a language disorder?

receptive and expressive language disorders

what are the 2 types of language disorders?

phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

what are the 5 parts of language?

the smallest element of pronounced sound

what is a phoneme?

substitutions, omissions, additions, and distortions

what are the 4 articulation disorders?

a disorder affecting attention, impulse control, and activity regulation

what is ADHD?

inattentive type and hyperactive type

what are the 2 types of ADHD?

a developmental disability affecting verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and school performance

what is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

a repetitive movement, sound, or behavior used to regulate emotions and sensory input

what is stimming?

eating inedible objects

what is pica?l

left temporal lobe

which brain region is associated with math disorders?

prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobe

which brain region is associated with math disorders?

left hemisphere

which hemisphere shows less activity in reading for students with learning disabilities?

acquiring, organizing, prioritizing information, checking/revising performance, initiating new strategies, shifting approaches, evaluating solutions

name 5 skills students with learning disabilities often struggle with

an inability to learn, maintain relationships, demonstrate appropriate behavior, experience happiness, or regulate emotions

what is an emotional disturbance?

acting out, aggression, bullying

what are externalizing behaviors?

depression, obsessions, withdrawal

what are internalizing behaviors?

separation anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

what are the 5 types of anxiety disorders?

emotion (sadness, feeling worthless), motivation (affects school), and physical/mental wellbeing

what are 3 mood disorder components?

a pattern of hostile defiance or disobedience, often a precursor to depression

what is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)?

a pattern of antisocial behavior, including aggression, property destruction, theft, and serious rule violations

what is conduct disorder?

a disorder with highly delusional hallucinations and disorganized speech/behavior

what is schizophrenia?

adjust attention span to age, provide sensory support, take quiet brain breaks every 30–45 minutes, (use games like Simon Says or Duck, Duck, Goose)

what strategies do occupational therapists use to improve attention?

a developmental disability affecting verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and school performance

what is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

a type of autism with social challenges but no delay in language or intellectual functioning

what is Asperger Syndrome?

extraordinary ability in one area while basic skills (like adding or subtracting) are impaired

what is Savant Syndrome?

genetics and environmental factors

what are some risks factors for autism?

82-92%

what is the likelihood of both identical twins having autism?

lack of peer relationships, poor non-verbal communication, failure to share enjoyment, inability to take turns in conversation

what are some atypical social development signs in children with autism?

through stimming, pacing, or hyperfixation on a topic

how do children with autism often display repetitive behaviors?

simplify the message, simplify the environment, or both

how can overstimulation be addressed in children with autism?