Plant Systems

How do guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata?

To regulate the rate of gas exchange and transpiration

What does the anther of a flower produce?

Pollen, which contains male gametes (sperm cells)

Seed dispersal for animals

eats fruit and defecates seed out; some seeds stick to animals

seed dispersal for wind

seed is moved by wind

seed dispersal for water

seed is moved by water

What is the purpose of seed dispersal?

to increase gene flow and allows new plants to grow away from their parent plant

phototropism

the directional growth or movement of a plant or part of a plant in response to light

thigmotropism

a plant's directional growth response to physical contact or touch with an object

gravitropism

a plant's directional growth or change in the direction of its growth in response to gravity

What plant hormone is responsible for phototropism?

auxin

Which part of the stem produces the hormone?

the tip of the stem

Which side of the stem does the hormone accumulate (build up)?

the shaded side

pistil

3,4,5

stigma

3

style

4

ovary

5

ovule

underneath 5

anther

1

filament

2

stamen

1&2

sepal

6

Can some flowers self-pollinate

yes

The part of the flower that the pollen must enter for fertilization

stigma

Purpose of root hairs on the roots of plants

they increase the surface area for absorption of water and essential nutrients from the soil

1

Cuticle: the waxy outer layer that protects the leaf from water loss

2

Upper Epidermis: A protective layer of cells regulates gas exchange through stomata (tiny pores) allows for light transmission

3

Palisade Mesophyll Cell: the primary photosynthetic tissue, composed of palisade and spongy cells

7&8

Vascular Bundle (Xylem & Phloem): x-transports water, p-transports nutrients

5

Guard Cell: regulates the opening and closing of stomata, tiny pores on the leaf surface

6

Stomata: pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange (carbon dioxide uptake and oxygen release) during photosynthesis

Where does the most photosynthesis occur in a leaf?

the mesophyll (C)

Why do carnivorous plants have the adaptation of ingesting insects if they still use photosynthesis to make their own food?

They live in nutrient poor (low nitrogen) environments.  Insects provide the nitrogen.

What is the purpose of the vascular tissue?

To transport water, minerals, and sugars throughout the plant.  Two types are xylem and phloem.

Xylem/Phloem

xylem: conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the roots of the plant

phloem: conducts carbohydrates (sugars) and other metabolic products downward from the leaves

Where in the plant does photosynthesis take place?

chloroplast