Chemistry - Acids, Bases & Salts

what’s a normal salt?

salt that is formed when all the hydrogen ions (H⁺) from an acid are completely replaced by metal ions or other cations during a neutralization reaction.

Examples of normal salts

NaCl (from HCl + NaOH)

K₂SO₄ (from H₂SO₄ + 2KOH)

Ca(NO₃)₂ (from HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂)

what are the general properties of aqueous alkalis

> bitter taste

> red litmus to blue

> pH greater than 7

> soapy feeling

> corrosive

> they’re electrolytes

What is the chemical reaction of bases with acid?

bases react with:

Base + acid —> salt H₂O

What is the chemical reaction of bases with ammonium salts?

Bas + ammonium salt —^heat→ salt + ammonia + water

What’s a amphoteric substance

substances which can react with acids & with strong alkalis

What is the chemical reaction of strong alkalis/ acids with amphoteric substances?

strong alkali/acids + amphoteric substances ---> salt + H2O

List three amphoteric Oxide examples

> Aluminum Oxide (Al₂O₃)

> Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

> Lead (||) Oxide (PbO)

List three Amphoteric hydroxide

> Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)₃

> Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)₂

> Lead (||) hydroxide Pb(OH)₂

What r acidic oxides?

Oxides of certain non-metals which react with alkalis to form a salt & H₂O

what r basic oxides?

oxides of metals which react with acids to form a salt and H2O

what r neutral oxides

oxides of certain non-metal s which do not react with acid or alkalis

give examples of neutral oxides

CO, NO, N₂O

Acid + Base —> ?

Acid + Base —> salt + water

Acid + Metal —> ?

Acid + Metal —> hydrogen + salt

Acid + Carbonate —> ?

Acid + Carbonate —> salt + carbon dioxide + water

What are alkalis? Provide examples.

soluble bases; Na, K, NH₄OH