Top 30 Zoonotic Diseases Part 2

What is psittacosis, and what are its symptoms in humans?

Psittacosis, also known as avian chlamydiosis or parrot fever, causes keratoconjunctivitis, flu-like illness, and can lead to severe illness in pregnant women.

What is the primary causative agent of psittacosis?

Chlamydophila psittaci, an obligate intracellular bacterium.

How is psittacosis transmitted to humans?

Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected birds, inhalation of contaminated dust, or ingestion of infected carcasses.

What are common symptoms of contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats?

Hyperemic, crusty scabs around the mouth and muzzle, lesions around the feet, anorexia, and lameness.

What zoonotic disease is caused by the orf virus?

Contagious ecthyma, which can cause crusty or vesicular lesions on human hands.

What precautions should be taken when handling infected sheep or goats with contagious ecthyma?

Wear non-porous gloves.

What are the Symptoms of Q fever in humans?

Q fever often causes flu-like illness, may be asymptomatic in most people, and can lead to abortion in pregnant women or endocarditis in those with pre-existing conditions.

What is the etiologic agent of Coxiellosis?

Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium.

How is cryptosporidiosis primarily transmitted?

Fecal-oral transmission.

What are the symptoms of dermatophytosis in humans?

Erythema, scaling, inflammation, alopecia, and possibly circular lesions.

Which organisms are the leading causes of dermatophytosis?

Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp., which are keratin-digesting fungi.

What is a significant precaution to take when dealing with dermatophyte infections?

Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling infected animals.

What is the significance of the term 'Q' in Q fever?

It stands for 'Query' fever, as its causative agent was initially unknown.

What are the environmental conditions for Coxiella burnetii to persist?

Coxiella burnetii forms spore-like structures that can persist in the environment.

What is the major source of emerging human infectious diseases according to the lecture?

75% of emerging human infectious diseases have an animal source.

What is unique about the survival of Cryptosporidium parvum?

It is highly resistant to disinfection, including chlorination.

How is Coxiella burnetii spread to humans?

Through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with infected animals.

CS of psittacosis in birds?

Non specific signs like:

1. Ruffled feathers

2. Oculonasal discharge

3. Hepatomegaly

4. WL

5. Freq. asymptomatic

CS of parrot fever?

Chlamydiosis in humans.

1. KCS

2. Flu like illness

3. Severe illness in pregnant women with abortion or premature biths

Cause of ornithosis?

Chlamydophila psittaci, a coccoid, obligate IC bacterium. Primarily seen in psittacine birds, occasionally mammals.

How are animals infected with psittacosis?

By inhaling contaminated dusts or infesting infected carcasses.

Where is C. psittaci shed?

In feces, respiratory and oral secretions

How are humans infected with parrot fever?

Either by direct contact with infected birds or by inhaling contaminated materials. Use PPE

What must culture of C. psittacii be performed on?

Tissue culture or embryonated chicken eggs.

Orf CS in sheep and goats?

1. Hyperemic, crusty scabs around mouth and muzzle

2. Lesions may also be seen around feet

3. Anorexia

4. Lameness

CS of contagious ecthyma in humans?

Crusty or vesicular lesions usually on hands

Cause of orf?

The orf virus, a parapoxcvirus found in sheep, goats and wild ungulates. Its very persistent in the environment

How is orf transmitted to humans?

Contact with infected animals (even if they dont have visible lesions) or contact with live vaccines.

Coxiellosis CS?

Ruminants have late term abortion and anorexia

Q fever CS in humans?

Most are asymptomatic. If they have symptoms they’re:

1. Flu like illness (pyrexia, chills, sore throat)

2. Abortion in pregnant women

3. Endocarditis in people with pre existing heart valve defects or immunosuppression.

Cause of Q fever?

Coxiella burnetii, an obligate IC bacterium. It forms spore like structures that persist in the environment.

What are the reservoirs of Q fever?

Sheep, goats, and cattle

How are humans infected with Q fever?

Inhalation, ingestion or direct contact with infected animals. Wear PPE

What sets the standards for minimum pasteurization temps in the US?

Coxiella burnetii.

Cryptosporidiosis CS in calves?

1. Diarrhea, tenesmus

2. WL

3. May be asymptomatic

Cryptosporidiosis CS in humans?

1. Profuse watery diarrhea

2. Abdominal pain

Cryptosporidiosis cause?

Cryptosporidium parvum, an obligate IC coccidian parasite, most commonly found in young ruminants, esp. calves. Its not host spec. and can infect any animal. Highly resistant to disinfection, incl chlorination

Dermatophytosis Cs in animals?

1. Circular lesions of alopecia and/or scaling

2. ± miliary dermatitis

3. ± pruritus

Dermatophytosis CS in humans?

1. Erythema

2. Scaling

3. Inflammation

4. Alopecia in normally haired regions

5. ± Circular lesions

6. ± Pruritus

Etiology of dermatophytosis?

Microsporidium spp. or Trichophyton spp. Theyre keratin digesting fungi with a wide host range. Predominant dermatophytes varies by geography and host.

How is dermatophytosis transmitted to humans?

By contact with infectious conidia on infected hosts or environment. Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling infected animals.