APUSH Louisiana Purchase and War of 1812

Land deal in 1803 where the U.S. bought the Louisiana Territory from France, doubling its size and gaining control of the Mississippi River

Louisiana Purchase

To ship farm goods and other products for trade and to have an important outlet to the sea

Why did the U.S. want access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans?

France, led by Napoleon

Who controlled the Louisiana Territory before the purchase?

Secure trade rights on the Mississippi and in New Orleans and avoid conflict with European powers

What did Jefferson hope to achieve with the Louisiana Purchase?

France, which controlled the Louisiana Territory

Who could the U.S. potentially fall into conflict with over New Orleans?

James Monroe and Robert Livingston

Who did Jefferson send to negotiate with France over Louisiana?

He was already the U.S. minister to France and took the lead in negotiating the Louisiana Purchase

What was "the deal" with Robert Livingston?

Monroe shared credit for the purchase and gained national fame and diplomatic experience

How did Robert Livingston's role affect James Monroe's career?

Only the city of New Orleans and nearby lands

What land did the U.S. originally want to buy from France?

The entire Louisiana Territory

What did France unexpectedly offer the U.S. during negotiations?

1803

In what year was the Louisiana Purchase made?

15 million dollars, about 3–4 cents per acre

How much did the United States pay for the Louisiana Territory?

It doubled the size of the country

How did the Louisiana Purchase change the size of the United States?

The Mississippi River

What important river did the U.S. gain full control of with the Louisiana Purchase?

The Constitution did not clearly say the president could buy foreign territory

Why did the Louisiana Purchase raise constitutional questions?

He was a strict constructionist and feared overstepping his constitutional authority

Why was Jefferson worried about approving the Louisiana Purchase?

It was treated and ratified as a treaty

How was the Louisiana Purchase ultimately approved?

It expanded U.S. territory westward

One major impact of the Louisiana Purchase on U.S. territory

It opened huge areas of land and helped set the stage for westward expansion and Manifest Destiny

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect westward expansion and Manifest Destiny?

It added large amounts of fertile land and increased the nation’s economic potential

How did the Louisiana Purchase change U.S. agriculture and the economy?

It brought many Native American nations and cultures under U.S. control

How did the Louisiana Purchase affect Native American nations?

President Thomas Jefferson

Who commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Explore the new Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean

Main goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition

She served as a guide and translator for the expedition

How did Sacagawea help the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Valuable maps, scientific observations, and knowledge of western lands and peoples

What did the Lewis and Clark Expedition provide for the United States?

It transformed the U.S. geographically, economically, and politically and set up future westward expansion

Why is the Louisiana Purchase considered one of the most important events in U.S. history?

Because the U.S. fought Britain again to defend its rights and independence on the seas and frontier

Why is the War of 1812 called "America's second war for independence"?

British practice of seizing American sailors from ships and forcing them to serve in the British navy

Impressment

Because British ships grabbed U.S. sailors against their will and forced them into service

Why was impressment called "naval kidnapping"?

A nickname for the War of 1812 during James Madison’s presidency

What does "Mr. Madison's War" refer to?

Wealthy and aggressive pro-war leaders who pushed politicians to go to war with Britain

Who were the War Hawks?

Leader of the War Hawks from Kentucky who supported going to war and became famous for political compromises

Henry Clay ("The Great Compromiser")

Southern War Hawk leader from South Carolina who strongly supported war with Britain

John C. Calhoun

The president’s greatest asset, James Madison’s wife, known for her social skills and bravery during the War of 1812

Dolley Madison

Clash in Indiana Territory where William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh’s forces, weakening Native resistance

Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

Native American leader whose movement against U.S. expansion was hurt by defeat at Tippecanoe

Tecumseh at Tippecanoe

It made Harrison a national hero and helped him later become the 9th U.S. president

How did the Battle of Tippecanoe affect William Henry Harrison?

British attack on Baltimore fort that the Americans held, inspiring the writing of the national anthem

Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)

Francis Scott Key, after watching the Battle of Fort McHenry

Who wrote the U.S. national anthem?

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and restored relations between the U.S. and Britain

Treaty of Ghent (December 24, 1814)

News of the peace treaty had not yet reached the U.S., so both sides kept fighting

Why was the Battle of New Orleans fought after the Treaty of Ghent?

Major American victory where Andrew Jackson’s forces defeated the British near New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans (1815)

About 2,000 British killed or wounded and around 70 American casualties

Casualties at the Battle of New Orleans

He led U.S. forces, freed prisoners to fight with an ultimatum, and became a national hero

Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans