Intellectual Revolutions that Changed our Society

Nation-building

comprehensive undertaking by a government and its constituents to develop the socio-economic and socio-political structures to develop the socio-economic and socio-political structures of their nation, which results to stability, security and posterity.

Science, Technology and Innovation

play a crucial role in nation-building.

Thomas Samuel Kuhn

american physicist and philosopher is one of the most influential science philosophers of the 20th century.

Thomas Samuel Kuhn

authored the structure of scientific revolution

argued that science progresses in a periodic revolution which he called as a paradigm shift instead of the usual linear view.

the structure of scientific revolution

examined the philosophical progression of scientific revolution

paradigm shift

Kuhn argued that science progresses in a periodic revolution which he called as a ________ _____ instead of the usual linear view.

Paradigm

main theoretical framework of any scientific discipline that explains a phenomenon in our natural world

Normal Science

the development by accumulation of scientific facts and theories which is exactly our linear view of scientifc progress throughout history.

Scientific Progression

a cyclical process by which it evolves from being the normal science to a new paradigm which defines a scientific revolution or the kuhn cycle

kuhn cycle

a cyclical process by which it evolves from being the normal science to a new paradigm which defines as ______

Pre-science Phase

no consensus model or theory of understanding yet for a specific discipline that solves the main problem for that discipline.

Normal Science

phase of doing the usual things in science, where the observation process, experimentation framework, and theory formation are all accomplished within the context of the accepted paradigm. Kuhn compared it to puzzle solving.

Model Drift Phase

deviation from the expected results may surface every now and then which are called anomalies

Model Crisis Phase

occurred through time when these larger anomalies accumulate until normal science becomes inadequate to resolve all these major anomalies.

Model Revolution Phase

the period which necessitates the construction of a new model or paradigm. It is called the scientific revolution

Scientific Revolution

characterized by the abandonment of the old paradigm as the scientific community looks for a new paradigm that can justify the accumulated anomalies.

Paradigm Shift Phase

characterized by a gradual shift from the traditional scientific view into a new one which radically alters the way of thinking and behavior.