Ch. 19: The Worlds of the North and South

What was the effect of the Cotton Gin's invention?

Cotton became the biggest cash crop in the South

What did the Industrial Revolution allow for?

The shift from hand manufacturing to machines

Who invented the reaper?

Cyrus McCormick

Who were the political leaders in the South?

Wealthy plantation owners dominated because agriculture was the base of the economy in the South

Why did the north attract more immigrants than the south?

There were more jobs (paying) in the North in mills/ factories

How were free African Americans in the North treated?

Not equal to other citizens

What conditions encouraged many immigrants to come to the United States between 1845 & 1860?

War and famine

What was a result of overcrowded conditions in the North?

Disease spread

Deforestation

The clearing away of forests.

Agrarian

Person who favors an agricultural way of life and government policies that support agricultural interests.

Plantation

A large area of privately owned land where crops were grown through the labor of workers who lived on the land.

Cotton gin

A hand-operated machine that cleans seeds and other unwanted material from cotton.

Manually

Using human effort, not electricity or other power

Industrial Revolution

The dramatic change in economies and cultures brought about by the use of machines to do work formerly done by hand.

Industrialist

Person whose wealth comes from the ownership of industrial businesses and who favors government policies that support industry.

Innovation

New idea, method, or invention

Drastically

Extreme or sudden

Internal

Inside or within

Pull factor

A​n influence that draws someone to a new location

Push factor

A​n influence that drives someone away from a location.​

Hostility

U​nfriendly or angry feelings or behavior

Geography of the North

\-Freezing winters & hot, humid summers

\-Few flat areas, a jagged coast and thick forests

Economy of the North

\-Based on manufacturing

\-Mills/factories

\-Impacted most by Industrial Revolution

Transportation in the North

\-Railroads (fastest/cheapest way)

\-Canals

Society in the North

\-Immigrants

\-Many people lived in cities

Geography of the South

\-Plentiful rainfall and long growing seasons

\-Fertile and wide coastal plains with marshes and swamps

\-Mild winters and long, hot summers

Economy of the South

\-Based on agriculture

\-Money put into slaves and land not factories

\-Cotton was #1 cash crop

Transportation in the South

\-Steamboats

\-River travel

Society in the South

\-Lived on farms

\-Slaves worked on farms

\-Rich planters lived on plantations and ran politics in the South

Who invented the sewing machine?

Elias Howe

Who invented the steel-tipped plow?

John Deere

How did the physical geography of the north influence economic activity in the region?

Encouraged shipbuilding, fishing, crafts, and trade

Why did the South oppose laws to provide federal money for internal improvements such as roads and canals?

They thought these improvements would only benefit the Northern states

What prevented the South from making economic and cultural progress?

Their dependency on slaves