Ch 12Gateways to Personality and Individual Differences

A series of flashcards covering key concepts related to personality and individual differences, including definitions and explanations of theories, traits, assessment methods, and factors influencing personality.

Personality

A person's consistent and unique patterns of thinking, emotion, and behavior.

Temperament

The general pattern of attention, arousal, and mood evident from birth.

Self-concept

A perception of one's own personality traits.

Self-esteem

The evaluation of oneself; stems from self-concept.

Psychoanalytic theory

Freud's theory emphasizing unconscious forces and conflicts within personality.

Id, Ego, Superego

The three components of personality in Freud's model.

Behaviorism

The theory that emphasizes learning and the immediate effects of the environment on personality.

Social learning theory

A theory that adds cognitive elements to behavioral views of personality.

Self-actualization

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potential.

Personality trait

Characteristics related to thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time.

Central traits

Major characteristics that form the basis of personality, as proposed by Allport.

Source traits

Underlying traits identified by Cattell that influence personality.

Big Five model

A model identifying five universal dimensions of personality: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness.

HEXACO model

An extension of the Big Five that includes a sixth dimension of honesty/humility.

Personality type

Categories that group people based on shared traits but can oversimplify personalities.

Personality assessment techniques

Methods to measure personality including interviews, observation, questionnaires, and projective tests.

Behavioral genetics

The study of how genetics and environment influence personality.

Leadership skills

Skills beneficial for promoting organizational goals and personal satisfaction in leadership roles.