Unit 4 Chemistry Study Guide

electromagnetic radiation

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

inversely

how are wavelength and frequency related

shorter

if the wavelength is longer the frequency is…

longer

if the wavelength is shorter the frequency is….

c = ^v

speed of light equation

3 × 10^8

speed of light number

wavelength

shortest difference between equivalent points on continuous wave

frequency

number of waves that pass a given point per second

6.626 × 10^-34

planck constant (h) number

e = hv

energy of photon equation

e = hc/^

change of energy equation

quantum

minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

directly

how is energy of radiation and frequency related

increases

if the energy of radiation increases, the frequency…

photoelectric effect

electrons being emitted from a metals surface when light at or above a certain frequency shines on the surface

photon

a massless particle that carries a quantum of energy

atomic emission spectrum

the set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of an element

ground state

the lowest allowable energy state of an atom

excited state

when an atom gains energy

returned to the ground state and emits photons in wavelengths

what happens when an atom emits energy

quantum numbers

bohrs circular orbitals have numbers assigned to each orbit of an electron

heisenberg uncertainty

the principle that states that it is fundamentally impossible to know precisely both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time

quantum mechanical

the schrödinger wave equation is known as

atomic orbital

schrödinger treated electrons as waves predicting a 3-D region around the nucleus

principal quantum number

indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbitals

principal energy levels

the atoms major energy levels

energy sublevels

what does each principal energy level contain

atoms electron configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Aufbau principle

states that each electron occupies the lowest energy of orbital available

Pauli Exclusion principle

states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins

valence electrons the electrons located in the atoms outermost orbital or energy levels

valence electrons