clin med exam #2 energy

how is energy obtained?

energy is provided through their diet in the form of nutrients

what is atp?

adenosine triphosphate, its a compound that is able to pick up energy that is released and transport it elsewhere for use

how is energy measured (unit)?

kcal (kilocalories)

not all of the potential energy is used, what are two ways in which energy is lost?

urine and feces

gross energy

all of the potential energy available

digestible energy

the energy left over after losing energy through feces

metabolizable energy

energy contained in the food that is actually absorbed

what are the modified atwater factors for proteins, carbs, and fats?

proteins and carbs: 3.5 kcal/g, fat: 8.5 kcal/g

define energy density and how it is expressed

refers to the number of calories provided in a given weight or volume. expressed in cals of ME per kilogram

what are some instances where we would want to feed a low energy diet?

when pets are obese/overweight or sedentary

what are some instances where we would want to feed a high energy diet?

when pets are active/working, growing, or reproducing

what can excess of energy intake cause?

obesity and decreased life expectancy

define RER. what is the formula for calculating RER?

resting energy requirement, RER=30x(ideal body weight in kgs)+70

define MER. what is the formula for calculating MER?

maintenance energy requirement, MER=RERx(given multiplier)

catabolism

release energy

anabolism

uses the energy

define calorie

energy needed to increase the temperature of water by 1 degree

what is 1 kcal equal to?

1000 cal, or 1 C

what effects daily energy requirements for animals?

species, age, activity level, purpose of life, weather, reproductive status, injury or illness

define energy expenditure

the need to use energy to maintain normal body processes and to supply extra energy for increased demands

what is BRASS?

breed, repro status, age, sex, species

what is an ideal body condition score (BCS)?

3/5 or 5/9

what are 3 causative factors associated with obesity?

excessive caloric intake, decreased physical activity, and genetic susceptibility

name 3 common risk factors for obesity

arthritis, diabetes, and cancer

what is the primary treatment for obesity?

reduce calories and increase exercise

fat tissue is classified as what type of organ?

endocrine organ

what happens to a pets energy balance when they get neutered?

it decreases their metabolism

what are 2 dog breeds that are likely to become overweight?

shetland sheepdogs and dalmatians

what is a breed of cat that is more likely to become overweight?

manx cats

how many years can a dogs lifespan increase if we maintain them at an optimum body condition?

2 years

define SID

feeding once daily

define BID

feeding twice daily

define TID

feeding three times daily

Define QID

feeding four times daily