Infections and Diseases

Alveolar macrophages

Ingest M. tuberculosis

Survive ingestion

M. tuberculosis survives ingestion by lung macrophages

Recruited macrophages

Additional macrophages are recruited to the site

Granulomas

Fibrous capsule surrounds macrophages, forming tubercles

Ghon foci

Tissue calcifies, seen on X-rays

Ghon complex

Adjacent lymph nodes involved in Ghon foci

Latent TB infection

Some bacteria survive, remain dormant

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Causative organism of tuberculosis

Airborne transmission

Vehicle for M. tuberculosis

Incubation period

2 to 10 weeks for M. tuberculosis

Mycolic acid

Prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion in M. tuberculosis

Cell-mediated response

Ability of M. tuberculosis to stimulate a strong immune response

Plague

Causative organism Yersinia pestis

Buboes

Enlarged lymph nodes in plague

Endemic in rodents

Plague transmitted by fleas

Pneumonic plague

Person to person transmission of plague

Infection

Growth of a pathogen

Intoxication

Ingestion of toxin

Enterotoxin

Toxin that targets intestinal mucous membrane cells

Gastroenteritis

Diarrhea and dysentery

Mary Mallon

Typhoid carrier known as Typhoid Mary

Salmonella

Causative agent of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever

Cholera

Causative organism Vibrio cholerae

Rice water stools

Characteristic stools in cholera

Gonorrhea

Causative agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Syphilis

Causative agent Treponema pallidum

Chancre

Painless ulcer at site of syphilis infection

Secondary syphilis

Rashes, hair loss, malaise, and fever

Tertiary syphilis

Gummas, neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis

Congenital syphilis

Syphilis transmission from mother to fetus