HOSA behavioral health

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298 Terms

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amygdala

“angry almond” - fear and aggression/other emotions

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<p>which lobe of the brain is pictured?</p>

which lobe of the brain is pictured?

occipital lobe

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<p>which lobe of the brain is pictured?</p>

which lobe of the brain is pictured?

frontal lobe

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<p>which lobe of the brain is pictured?</p>

which lobe of the brain is pictured?

parietal lobe

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<p>which lobe of the brain is pictured?</p>

which lobe of the brain is pictured?

temporal lobe

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what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

rest and digest

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what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

fight or flight

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what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome

a potentially fatal emergency caused by high doses of numerous neuroleptics

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what is a common side effect of clozapine?

hypersalivation

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what are characteristics of tardive dyskinesia?

bizarre facial and tongue movements that are potentially irreversible

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what are the causes of tardive dyskinesia?

long term use of neuroleptics

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what are some common neuroleptics?

haloperidol, risperdal, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole

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what are some characteristics of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

BP changes, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, parkinsonian symptoms

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what is the abbreviation for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

NMS

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what is the abbreviation for dopamine?

DA

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what is the abbreviation for serotonin?

5-HT

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what is the abbreviation for norepinephrine?

NE

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anxiolytics MOA

potentiate effects of GABA (except buspar)

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typical antis

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atypical antipsychotics MOA

block DA receptors

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norepinephrine (NE) - function:

mood, stimulates ANS for fight or flight, cognition, sleep, arousal, locomotion, CV functioning

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NTs involved in anxiety

Inc. DA

Inc. NE

Inc. 5-HT

Dec. GABA

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NTs involved in depression

Inc. ACh

Dec. DA

Dec. NE

Dec. 5-HT

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NTs involved in schizophrenia

Inc. DA

Inc. NE

Dec. GABA

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NTs involved in parkinson’s

Dec. DA

Inc. ACh

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NTs involved in alzheimer’s

Inc. DA

Inc. NE

Dec. ACh

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what are psychotropics?

medications that affect psychic function, behavior, or experience

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what are 3 common antipsychotics?

Haldol

Thorazine

Compazine

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is GABA inhibitory or excitatory?

inhibitory

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is GLUTAMATE inhibitory or excitatory?

excitatory

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how can children with depression can present with depression?

irritable or cranky

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how should major depressive disorder (MDD) be treated?

antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

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what is the goal of intrapersonal therapy?

reduce depressive symptoms and develop effective strategies in coping with social and interpersonal relations

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what is bipolar disorder treated with?

lithium

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what are the four theories of emotion?

James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, Schachter-Singer, Lazarus

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bipolar disorder

mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression

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abnormalities in what neurotransmitter are associated with schizophrenia?

dopamine

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what course is major depressive disorder treated with?

cyclic course

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what is the cyclic course of treatment for major depressive disorder?

first, the acute symptoms are treated, then continued treatment is provided to prevent early relapse, and lastly, maintenance therapy is given to make relapse less likely

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masked depression

a term for people who do not report a depressed mood but suffer from major depressive episodes

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when is a depressed individual at the highest risk for committing suicide?

after the initiation of treatment, during the 6-9 month period of symptom recovery

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who are antidepressants most effective with?

elderly pt, individuals who have dosage requirements reduced due to the need for hepatic clearance and protein binding.

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the two main endocrine systems studied in psychology are:

Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

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hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis changes noted in a person with bipolar disorder include…

nocturnal TSH peak, blunted TSH response to TRH administration, and high prevalence of hypothyroidism

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James-Lange Theory (of emotion)

Event -> Physiological response -> Emotion

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example of James-Lange Theory (of emotion)

stimulus/event:

arousal/physiological response:

emotion:

stimulus/event: a threatening grizzly bear approaching

arousal/physiological response: heart pounding, trembling, sweating, running away

emotion: fear

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Cannon-Bard Theory (of emotion)

Event -> Physiological response AND emotion (simultaneous)

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example of Cannon-Bard Theory (of emotion):

stimulus/event:

arousal/physiological response and emotion:

stimulus/event: a threatening grizzly bear approaching

arousal/physiological response and emotion: heart pounding, trembling, sweating, running away and fear

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Schlachter-Singer Theory (of emotion)

Event -> Physiological response -> Identify REASON for physiological response -> emotion

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example of Schlachter-Singer Theory (of emotion):

stimulus/event:

arousal/physiological response:

cognitive label/identify reason:

emotion:

stimulus/event: a threatening grizzly bear approaching

arousal/physiological response: heart pounding, trembling, sweating, running away

cognitive label/identify reason: “That is one scary bear! I’m afraid of it!”

emotion: fear

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Lazarus Theory (of emotion)

Event -> APPRAISAL of event -> emotion and physiological response (two factor theory but reversed)

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buprenorphine

opioid agonist (first line)

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agonist

mimic and increase effects of NTs

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antagonist

blocks and decreases effects of NTs

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naloxone

life saving opioid antagonist

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what is naloxone used for?

subdue cravings and in emergencies

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disulfiram

alcohol antagonist

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what does disulfiram do?

will create unpleasant reaction to alcohol

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modafinil

non-amphetamine CNS stimulant and wakefulness promoting agent

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what does modafinil do?

treats narcolepsy

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clozapine

antipsychotic

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what does clozapine treat?

schizophrenia

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what is one major side effect of clozapine?

agranulocytosis

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what is agranulocytosis?

low levels of granulocytes in blood

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what are people with agranulocytosis prone to?

infection

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what is a granulocyte?

white blood cell type containing small granules with protein in them

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intramuscular haloperidol

drug used to treat schizophrenia inserted into muscle

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who is intramuscular haloperidol NOT for?

older patients with dementia-related psychosis

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what do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) do?

blocks reuptake of serotonin

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fluoxetine

first line SSRI

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what does fluoxetine treat?

depression, anxiety, eating disorders, panic attacks

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what are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

drug class first released in 1959 as a pharmacotherapy for MDD

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why aren’t tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) used much anymore?

due to SSRIs and SNRIs having less side effects and being safer in overdose

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amitriptyline

TCA

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what does amitriptyline do?

increases serotonin, nerve pain med

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what should be monitored in lithium usage?

EKG, thyroid + renal functions, lithium levels, electrolyte (blood / urine) + creatinine (renal) levels

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where is the first psychology lab?

germany

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first experimental psychologist

wilhelm wundt

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opioids increase the release of what neurotransmitter?

dopamine

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what neurotransmitters do TYPICAL antipsychotics affect?

block dopamine receptors

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what do ATYPICAL antipsychotics affect?

lower affinity and occupancy for the dopaminergic receptors, HIGHER degree of occupancy of the SEROTONINERGIC receptors

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what neurotransmitters do benzodiazepines affect?

they enhance the effects of GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric acid)

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what neurotransmitters do SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) effect?

increases serotonin by blocking reuptake

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what neurotransmitters do SNRIs (Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) effect?

increases serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking reuptake

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what does histamine do?

causes many symptoms of allergies

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retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptors called RODS and CONES plus layers of neurons to process visual information

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optic nerve

carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

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macula

round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the CENTRAL VISION FIELD

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retinal blood vessels

the blood vessels that supply oxygen to the rods and cones of the retina

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vitreous body

a transparent, jellylike substance filling the interior of the eyeball

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what does the vitreous body do?

help stabilize the eye and give physical support

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conjunctiva

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

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sclera

white part of eye

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ciliary body and muscle

a muscle that controls the shape of the lens to better focus the light onto the retina of the inner eye

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lens

the transparent structure behind the pupil that CHANGES SHAPE to help focus images on the retina

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pupil

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters (the black dot)

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cornea

the transparent layer forming the front of the eye

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iris

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil

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what does the iris do?

controls the size of the pupil opening

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rods

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray