Studied by 44 people
basically a copy of the study guide online
3 parts of the U.S. constitution
Preamble, Articles, and Amendments
checks and balances
it keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful
What is the Bill of Rights? What do they do/protect?
the first 10 amendments intended to protect citizens rights and individual liberties
Federalism
Sharing power between central government and states
three branches of government
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
who is a part of the legislative branch and what does the legislative branch do
the two houses (senate and house of representatives). they propose and pass laws.
who is a part of the executive branch and what does the executive branch do
the president and his or her advisors and various departments and agencies. This branch enforces laws
who is a part of the Judicial branch and what does the judicial branch do
national courts, they interpret the laws.
suffrage
the right to vote
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that were changed with the constitution
Most power belonged to the states
only one branch of government
Legislative branch had too few powers
No judicial or executive branch
no systems of checks and balances
popular sovereignty
the political authority belongs to the people
Constitution
set of basic principles and laws that lists the powers and duties of the government
What was the war of 1812 about. Who was fighting. why would some call this a second revolutionary war.
western expansion, independence. US versus Great Britain. They were still trying to enforce their independence from Great Britian
President that believed in a strong executive branch, and vetoed more bills than all prior presidents combined
Andrew Jackson
States’ rights doctrine
a belief since the states formed the national government. the states power should be greater than the federal government power
Indian Removal Act
authorized the removal of native americans who lived east of the Mississippi river to lands in the west
What states were native americans relocated to following the indian removal act
Oklahoma
What tribe was the first to be moved following the indian removal act
Choctaw Tribe
Nullification Crisis
Made by John C Calhoun. Stated that states could ignore federal laws if they believed that those laws violated the constitution
secede
to formally withdraw from (the union).
Fugitive slave act
made it a crime to help runaway slaves and allowed officials to arrest slaves in free areas. It forced the north to become a part of slavery.
Jefferson Davis
The one president of the confederate states of america
reasons for southern states secession
the election of 1860 (abraham lincoln becoming president)
issues about slavery
issues about states rights
Dred scott vs. sanford
supreme court case that decided that african americans were not considered citizens rather property, and therefore had no right to sure in federal court.
election of 1860, who ran for office and who won
Stephen Douglas, John C Breckinridge, John Bell, and Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln won.
What were the thoughts of both sides on length and victory in the civil war
both sides thought they would win easily and it would be a quick war.
advantages the north had in the civil war
greater population, more resources, more rail roads, better firearms
advantages the south had in the civil war
more experienced military, “home field” advantage, cotton
significance of Fort Sumter
attacked by the confederate troops, beginning the civil war
Winfield Scott’s multipart strategy
blockade, seize richmond, get mississippi river and split south in two.
what was the first battle of the civil war? what wat the outcome?
Battle of fort sumter, the confederates won.
Robert E. Lee
american soldier, led confederate forces after declining Lincolns request to lead the union.
Ulysses S. Grant
led union forces beginning in march 1864
accepted Lee’s surrender
18th president of the united states
Battle of Antietam
union victory
bloodiest single day battle in US history
abolitionist
a person who wants to abolish slavery all throughout the country (not just the south).
Emancipation Proclamation
ended slavery in the Confederacy, did not apply to the border states
Who was Abraham Lincoln? What were his accomplishments?
16th president of the USA
ended the civil war
freed all slaves (emancipation proclamation)
Why was it significant that illness killed twice as many people as combat did?
showed how poor the medical conditions were
Desertion during the Civil war was a problem for which side(s)?
problem for both sides
the act of illegally leaving the armed forces
What methods did the North use to pay for the War?
income tax
inflation
printing more money
Clara Barton
a union nurse that founded red cross
Gettysburg Address: What was it about? Who gave the speech? why would some call this a turning point in the war?
a speech to honor the soldiers bravery who died there
Lincoln gave the speech
Lincoln looked ahead to a final union victory
What did the 54th Massachusetts infantry do?
they captured Ft. Wagner
Johnson’s reconstruction plan
grants statehood once they had a new constitution, elected a new state government, cancelled its war debts, repealed its act of secession, and ratified the 13th amendment
the goal of Lincolns reconstruction plan
the south needs to be rebuilt and he wanted to restore statehood as soon as possible using the 10% plan
Civil war amendments 13th, 14th, 15th
13- abolished slavery, 14- granted citizenship, 15- gave the right to vote
Jim Crow Laws
enforced segregation
Reconstruction
the process of rebuilding
Plessy versus Ferguson outcome
segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities provided equal to blacks and whites.
was equality felt by all immediately after Reconstruction?
no, the blacks were punished and never treated or accepted equally
capitalism
businesses are privately owned, not owned by the government.
Bessemer Process
made steel production way more efficient
monopoly
when a company or individual completely controlls an industry
horizontal integration
reducing competition through mergers and buyouts (across the horizon) allowing total control by one person/firm/company of that industry or product
vertical integration
owning every step of the production process that normally would be owned by separate different companies (start to finish)
entrepreneur
a bold risk taker who establishes new buisnesses
cornelius vanderbilt
an entrepreneur who owned a lot of railroads
andrew carnegie
in the steel industry
john d. rockefeller
the standard oil company owner
Sherman Antitrust Act
outlawed trusts, monopolies, and other forms of business that restricted trade
why was the division of labor thought to be a successful way to work historically
a person only had to know how to do one thing, making it more efficient
Labor Unions
groups of workers who organized to protect the interests of its members
why were children used as laborers in factories?
they didn’t need to get paid as much and were expected to do the same amount of work as the adults
strike
labor action in which workers simply refuse to go to work
push factors
things that cause people to want to move from their country ex. war, hunger.
pull factors
attractions that draw people to another place ex. work, religious freedoms, land.
Ellis Island
New York, had less security (3E’s Europeans, East coast, Ellis island)
Angel Island
“ellis island of the west”, had more security (2A’s Angel island, Asians)
steerage
where many immigrants went if they couldn’t afford cabins and upper deck (on the ship to america)
settlement house
a community center that provided a variety of services to the poor, especially immigrants. (first one was in chicago)
nativism
favoring the interest of native born americans over immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act
Prohibited the immigration of chinese laborers, skilled or unskilled, for a decade
Americanization
we needed to protect the values and traditions in america
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