Unit 3 Psych Case Studies (copy)

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29 Terms

1

What was the aim of Bartlett's 'War of the Ghosts' study?

To investigate how cultural schemas influence memory recall.

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2

What method did Bartlett use in his study?

Participants read the story and then reproduced it from memory after varying time intervals.

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3

What were the main findings of Bartlett's study?

Recollections became shorter, more coherent, and aligned with participants' cultural expectations.

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4

What does 'schema' refer to in psychology?

Schemas are mental structures that help us organize and interpret information based on past experiences.

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5

How did participants in Bartlett's study distort the story?

They changed unfamiliar terms to more familiar ones and omitted supernatural elements.

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6

What does reconstructive memory imply according to Bartlett?

Memory is not a passive recording but an active process of reconstruction.

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7

What was the aim of Brewer and Treyens’ 1981 study?

To investigate how schemas affect memory for places.

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8

What was the method used in Brewer and Treyens’ study?

Participants waited in an office setting and were later asked to recall items from the room.

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9

What did Brewer and Treyens conclude about memory encoding?

Schemas influence what information is noticed and encoded into memory.

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10

How did Brewer and Treyens' study illustrate memory distortion?

Participants falsely remembered items that fit their schema but were not present.

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11

What experienced real-world relevance did Brewer and Treyens' study exhibit?

The realistic setting of an office increased ecological validity.

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12

What were the limitations of Brewer and Treyens’ 1981 study?

Artificial setting and a homogeneous sample limited generalizability.

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13

What was the objective of the Loftus & Palmer (1974) study?

To investigate how the wording of questions could distort eyewitness testimony.

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14

What was a key finding from the Loftus & Palmer study?

The verb used influenced participants' speed estimates of car collisions.

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15

What did Loftus & Palmer's follow-up experiment show?

Participants who heard 'smashed' were more likely to falsely remember broken glass.

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16

How does Loftus & Palmer's study relate to schema theory?

It shows how post-event information can alter memory recall based on existing schemas.

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17

What suggestion of language does the Loftus & Palmer study make regarding memory recall?

The language used in questioning can shape and distort our memories.

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18

What were the strengths of the Loftus & Palmer study?

Controlled experiment and significant practical implications for legal practices.

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19

What are the limitations associated with Loftus & Palmer’s research?

Ecological validity and sample diversity limits.

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20

What was the goal of Anderson and Pichert's 1978 study?

To investigate how schemas affect both the encoding and retrieval of information.

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21

What unique method did Anderson and Pichert employ in their study?

Participants read a story from different perspectives, either as a homebuyer or a burglar.

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22

What was a key finding from the Anderson and Pichert study?

Participants who switched perspectives recalled more information than they did initially.

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23

How do schemas influence both encoding and retrieval according to Anderson and Pichert?

They guide attention and affect how details are recalled based on current schemas.

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24

What are the implications of Anderson and Pichert's study for memory research?

Supports the idea that memory is reconstructive and influenced by schemas.

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25

What practical applications arise from understanding schemas in memory?

It can improve methods in teaching, eyewitness testimony, and memory recall.

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26

What was the procedure followed by participants in Anderson and Pichert's study?

They performed a distraction task after reading and recalled the story later.

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27

What is one example of schema influence observed in Brewer and Treyens’ study?

Participants remembered items like desks and chairs but omitted atypical items.

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28

What cognitive concept does Bartlett’s study primarily focus on?

Schema theory and its impact on reconstructive memory.

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29

In what way did Brewer and Treyens’ study support schema theory?

It showed that schemas assist in organizing and interpreting information, influencing memory recall.

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