EMS Chapter 13 Shock

Afterload

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Anaphylactic shock

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Anaphylaxis

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Aneurysm

A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

Cardiac tamponade

Compression of the heart, as a result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac leading to decreased cardiac output

Cardiogenic shock

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body caused by low output of blood from the heart it can be a severe complication of a large, acute myocardial infarction as well as other conditions

Compensated stock

The early stage of shock in which the body can still compensate for blood loss

Cyanosis

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by reduced level of oxygen in the blood, although paleness or decrease of blood flow can be difficult to detect in dark skin people it may be served by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the pt may appear ashen or gray.

Decompensated shock

The late stage of shock when the blood pressure is falling

Dehydration

Loss of water from the tissues of the body

Distributive shock

A condition that occurs when there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Edema

The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

Homeostasis

A balance of all systems of the body

Hypothermia

Condition in which the external body temperature falls below 95°F

Hypovolemic shock

A condition in which low blood volume due to mass internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water results in inadequate perfusion

Irreversible shock

A condition defined by the inability to successfully achieve resuscitation, regardless of the methods employed

Myocardial contractility

The ability of the heart muscle to contract

Neurogenic shock

Circulatory failure caused by the paralysis of the nerve that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Obstructive shock

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Perfusion

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Pericardial effusion

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Preload

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood build

Psychogenic shock

Shock caused by a sudden temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting

Pulmonary embolism

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Pulse pressure

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Sensitization

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Septic shock

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection

Shock

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion

Sphincters

Muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

Syncope

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness