Industrialization and Imperialism (1750-1900)

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, terms, and events related to industrialization and imperialism from 1750 to 1900, aiding in exam preparation.

What was the doctrine that stated most of the Western Hemisphere belonged to the U.S. and warned against European intervention?

The Monroe Doctrine.

What was the concept that justified European powers' expansion into Africa and Asia by claiming a 'civilizing mission'?

The White Man's Burden.

Which rebellion in China was a major uprising against the Qing dynasty, fueled by widespread famine and discontent?

The Taiping Rebellion.

What was the primary motive for imperialism driven by the need for new markets and raw materials?

Economic motives.

What was the term used for the political movement in which countries sought to establish colonies to expand their power and influence?

Imperialism.

What was the conference held in 1884-1885 to divide Africa among European powers called?

The Berlin Conference.

Which war resulted from tensions between China and Western powers over trade and led to the establishment of foreign spheres of influence in China?

The Opium Wars.

What economic system involved one country exerting significant economic control over another country without direct political control?

Economic imperialism.

Which Asian country modernized under the Meiji Restoration and began its own imperial expansion?

Japan.

What act passed by American Congress led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands in the 1830s?

The Indian Removal Act.

Which event involved indigenous resistance that culminated in conflict and the end of the Indian Wars in the U.S.?

Wounded Knee.

What term describes large-scale migrations of people during industrialization, including those from Europe to the Americas?

Global migrations.

Which group was heavily involved in the extraction of resources from the Congo under King Leopold II's rule?

Forced laborers.

What was the primary cash crop that became the backbone of the economy in colonial Egypt?

Cotton.

Which concept refers to economic practices where imperial powers grew cash crops at the expense of local subsistence farming?

Cash crop farming.

What rebellion in India was a violent uprising against the oppressive policies of the British East India Company?

The Sepoy Rebellion.

What term refers to agricultural practices that prioritize one type of crop, often leading to soil depletion?

Monoculture.

What was the effect of Western powers establishing spheres of influence in China?

Exclusive trading rights for foreign powers.

What was the main purpose of the United Fruit Company in Central America during the period of imperialism?

To control the trade of tropical fruits, particularly bananas.

In which region did the Sokoto Caliphate establish a confederation of Islamic Emirates?

West Africa.

What social movement among African tribes involved the belief that spirits would return to drive European powers away?

The Ghost Dance.

Which country underwent a significant expansion of territory under the leadership of Catherine the Great and later Alexander I?

Russia.

How did Britain primarily maintain control over India during its colonial period?

Through the British East India Company.

What was the result of Britain’s 1869 Suez Canal construction in relation to trade routes?

Provided a shortcut for trade routes between Europe and Asia.

What major economic resource was heavily exploited in the Belgian Congo leading to severe population decline?

Rubber.

What impact did the Industrial Revolution have on global trade?

Increased demand for raw materials and markets.

What was the impact of the Great Famine on Irish immigration to the United States in the 19th century?

It led to the emigration of about three million Irish to the U.S.

Which leader in Mexico resisted foreign intervention and advocated for liberal reforms during the 19th century?

Benito Juarez.