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Timeline of events and turning points that occurred for Cold War revision.
1945
Yalta (4th Feb to 11th Feb)
Roosevelt dies April 12th
Potsdam (17th July to 2nd August)
WW2 ends (2nd September)
Division of Germany into 4 (French zone, British zone, American zone, Soviet zone)
August - bombing of Hiroshima and Nagisaki
September: Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent
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1945
5th March - Iron Curtain speech
February- Kenan’s Long Telegram
Novikov telegram
Greek Civil War begins
1946
5th March - Iron Curtain speech
February- Kenan’s Long Telegram
Novikov telegram
Greek Civil War begins
1947
Feb - UK can no longer finance Greek Civil War
May 29th - bizonia formed
Reverse course began in Japan
March - Truman Doctrine
June - Marshall Plan
September - CIA and Cominform formed
1948
25th feb - Czech coup
10th March - defenestration of prague
24th June - Berlin Blockade began
1949
April - Trizonia formed
12th May - Berlin blockade ended
August 29th - Soviet Atomic bomb
1st October - China turns communist (Mao creates PRC)
NATO - 4th April
1950
Jan - Defensive Perimeter Strategy
14th February - Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance
April 7th - NSC 68
25th June - North Korea invades the South
November - Chinese intervention in Korean War
$15 mil to France to fight in Indochina
1951
Korean War - Stalemate (March)
San Francisco Treaty - September
1952
November - Eisenhower elected
USA H bomb
1953
27th July - armistice ending Korean War signed
5th March - Death of Stalin
USSR H bomb
NSC 162 - New Look
Mosaddegh overthrown in Iran by CIA (August)
1954
September - First Taiwan Straits crisis (ended May 1955)
Arbenz overthrown by CIA in Guatemala (June)
Geneva Accord (divides Korea along 38th parallel and Vietnam along 17th parallel) - July
SEATO formed (September)
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
$100 mil promised to Diem
1955
Warsaw pact formed - May
July - Geneva Summit
Hallstein Doctrine
1956
Khrushchev consolidates power in USSR
February - Secret speech
Polish rising - June-October (Gomulka)
Hungarian rising - October-November (Imre Nagy, resulted in the deaths of 4000 Hungarian citizens and the self imposed exile of 200,000)
Suez Crisis (Oct-Nov)
1957
Sputnik - October
Eisenhower Doctrine (aid to Middle East in return for not being communist)
Deim - “miracle man of Asia”
1958
Berlin Crisis
August- October - Second Taiwan Straits Crisis
Kitchen debate (Nixon and Khrushchev)
NASA
1959
Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba
Sept 25th - Khrushchev goes to Camp David (and not Disneyland)
1960
May - U2 spy plane incident and Paris Summit fails
Viet Cong created
Nov - JFK elected
1961
17th-20th April - Bay of Pigs June - Vienna Conference Jan - CIA overthrow Lumumba in Congo 13th August - Berlin wall built October - Checkpoint Charlie
1962
16-29 October - Cuban Missile Crisis
26th first letter from Krushchev to JFK
27th another letter sent from Khrushchev demanding missiles be removed from Turkey
Strategic Hamlets implemented in S.Vietnam
Sin-Indian war
1963
8th May-2nd November - Buddhist Crisis
26th june - JFK visited Berlin (“Ich bin ein Berliner”)
August - Partial Test Ban Treaty
Diem assassinated -2nd November
JFK assassinated - 22nd November
Lyndon B Johnson becomes president
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (August)
Moscow-Washington Hotline established
1964
August - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Bombing campaign begins in N.Vietnam
october - Brezhnev became leader of USSR
1965
Operation Rolling Thunder authorised (Feb)
First combat troops land (Mar)
Ky elected SV prime minister (Jun)
Americans beat NVA at Ia Drang (Sept)
Nearly 200,000 US troops in Vietnam (Dec)
1966
Decreased support for american involvement in Vietnam
France withdraws from NATO military structure (Mar)
Nearly 400,000 US troops in Vietnam (Dec)
1967
Hanoi offers to talk peace when bombing stops (Jan)
McNamara testifies that bombing NV is ineffective before the senate (Aug)
Thieu elected SV prime minister (Sept)
Glasboro (Kosygin and LBJ)
Nearly half a million US troops in Vietnam (Dec)
1968
Jan-Feb - Tet Offensive
Jan - Dubcek is appointed leader of Czechoslovakia (Socialism with a human face)
May-August - Prague Spring
July - Non-proliferation treaty
August - Warsaw Pact tanks invade Czechoslovakia
Nov - Nixon elected
Brezhnev Doctrine announced
540,000 troops in Vietnam (Dec)
16th March - My lai Massacre occurred
1969
August - Nixon Doctrine Arms limitation talks began between USSR and USA March - Sino-Soviet border clashes Willy Brandt becomes chancellor of West Germany (Ostpolitik) Operation Menu (Mar) June - First announcement of troop withdrawals Massive anti-war demonstrations in washington (Oct) Vietnamisation announced to the public (Nov) My Lai massacre made public (Nov) July - first man on the moon
1970
August - Treaty of Moscow
Dec - German-Polish Treaty
Aug - German-Soviet friendship treaty signed
May - Kent State University Shooting
Feb - Kissinger enters peace talks with N.Vietnam
20,000 US soldiers enter Cambodia
Dec - 280,000 troops left in Vietnam
1971
Sept - The Berlin Agreement (both East and West recognised each other’s sovereignty)
Feb-March - Operation Lam Son
(Attack in Laos on Ho Chi Minh trail by ARVN fails (Feb))
July - Kissinger visits Beijing
Oct - Kissinger visits Beijing again
1972
May - first Nixon-Brezhnev Summit
May- SALT I ratified
Dec - The Basic Treaty
May-October - Operation Linebacker I
Feb - Nixon visits China (Feb)
March - North Vietnamese offensive in south vietnam
April - Nixon bombed Hanoi and Haiphong
May - Nixon mined Haiphong harbour
May - ABM treaty signed
Aug - Kissinger and Hanoi’s Le Duc Pho made more concessions
Oct - Kissinger and Le Duc Pho made an agreement that was rejected by Thieu
Nov - Nixon re-elected
Dec -‘Christmas bombing’ of Hanoi and Haiphong (Operation Linebacker II)
1973
Jan - Paris Peace agreement
March - US troops withdraw from Vietnam
September - Allende overthrown in Chile and replaced by Pinochet
6th Oct - 25th Oct - Yom Kippur war (shuttle diplomacy, Kissinger, US hit DEFCON 1)
April - Last american POWs released by Hanoi
Second Nixon-Brezhnev summit
Aug - Congress forced Nixon to stop bombing Cambodia
1974
April - Portugal grants Angola independence
Third Nixon-Brezhnev summit (June-July)
Portuguese Revolution (June-July)
Nov - The Vladivostok Summit
Aug - Nixon resigns due to Watergate scandal + Gerald Ford becomes president
1975
April - Saigon falls to the communists and Vietnam is reunified
Khmer Rouge victory in Cambodian Civil war
April - Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot took over Cambodia
Aug - The Helsinki accords are finalised
Aug - Cuba provides support for the socialists in the Angolan civil war
1976
Carter elected president (Reagan ran against Ford for Republican nomination)
1977
July - Cuba sends troops to support the socialist regime in Ethiopia (15,000)
1979
Sandista victory in Nicaraguan civil war
24th December - Afghan war began
Feb - Deng Xiaoping visits the USA
May - SALT II is agreed but not ratified
June - The Vienna Summit
24th Dec - USSR invaded Afghanistan
1980
Jan - Carter Doctrine as a response to invasion of Afghanistan
Nov - Ronald Reagan elected
1981
Martial law in Poland
Mar - US funds right-wing contras in Nicaragua
1982
Nov - Brezhnev dies and Yuri Andropov takes over
1983
March - SDI (star wars) announced
Oct - US invasion of Grenada
1984
Feb - Andropov dies, Chernenko succeeds him
1985
March - Chernenko dies, Gorbachev succeeds him
Nov - Geneva Summit
1986
Glasnost and perestroika
April - Chernobyl disaster
Oct - Reykjavik Summit
1987
15th May - USSR begins to withdraw from Afghanistan
May-June - Moscow Summit
George H.W. Bush elected president
1988
Eastern Europe ceases to be the Eastern Bloc
15th Feb - all USSR troops removed from Afghanistan
June - Poland holds free elections
Oct - Sinatra Doctrine
9th Nov - Berlin wall comes down
Dec - Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
Dec - Malta Summit
1989
Eastern Europe ceases to be the Eastern Bloc
15th Feb - all USSR troops removed from Afghanistan
June - Poland holds free elections
Oct - Sinatra Doctrine
9th Nov - Berlin wall comes down
Dec - Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
Dec - Malta Summit
1990
May-June - Washington Summit
Oct - German reunification
1991
Dec 25th - End of Soviet union
August coup
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