AP Exam #1

To proceed from a point between the eyes to the tip of a dogs nose you would move

Rostrally

Which type of RNA copies the information in the DNA

Transfer RNA

Different nitrogen bases are found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. which of the fallowing is ONLY found in DNA?

Thymine

The "knee" in the forelimb of a horse would be the ______ in the human.

wrist joint

What is the term for a part closer to a point of attachment or the trunk?

proximal

What is the term used below the carpus for the surface directed caudally or ventrally?

Palmar

The trunk of an animal is defined as

The thorax and abdomen of the animal

The middle phalanx is located

Proximal and distal phalanx

Which cavity lies immediately caudal to the thoracic cavity

Abdominal cavity

The anatomical plane that runs the length of the body and divides its right and left parts is know as the

sagittal plane

The thoracic cavity is considered to be in what anatomical direction from the abdomen?

Cranil

A horse's shoulder is located in which anatomical direction to it's hip?

Cranial

The back of the hind leg distal to the tarsus is known as:

Plantar

Which of the following body cavities is the largest?

Ventral

Lipids are made of all of the following component's EXCEPT

Calcium

3 multiple choice options

What are lipoprotein's used for within the body

to transport fats within the body

Which molecule is considered the most abundant organic molecule in the body?

Proteins

Which of the fallowing are considered the largest molecule in the body?

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic acids consist of which of the following classes?

A. RNA

B. DNA

C. Ribose

D. Both A and B

Both A and B

The molecular building blocks of nucleic acids are known as:

Nucleotides

All of the following are nucleotides, except

A. Adenine

B. Guanine

C. Thiamine

D. Cystosine

Thiamine

Which nucleotide occurs ONLY in RNA

Uracil

which of the following bones is also referred as the cannon bone of the horse

Metacarpals

which of the following joints lies between the cannon bone and long pastern

fetlock joint

The left kidney of a horse lies _____ to the right Kidney is located ventral to the last rib and near the first two lumbar transverse process

Caudal

Which of the following are considered to be organic

all of the above

3 multiple choice options

All of the following are lipids Except

glycogen

A sugar that contains five carbons is referd to as a

pentose sugar

Which part of the cell contains and processes genetic information and controls cell metabolism?

Nucleus

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

What is anatomy

study of structure

What is physiology?

Study of function

What is the sagittal plane?

a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

what is the medial plane

The plane that runs down the body and cuts it into equal halves

What is the transverse plane?

Divides body into cranial (head-end) and caudal (tail-end)

what is the dorsal plane

Plane at right angles to sagittal and transverse planes

Divides into dorsal (toward back) and ventral (toward belly

what does it mean for left and right of an animal

the animals left and right of the patient

what is cranial

towards the head

what is caudal

toward the tail

what is rostral

toward the tip of nose

what is dorsal

toward the back

what is ventral

towards the belly

What is medial?

toward the midline

What is lateral?

away from the midline

What is proximal?

towards the body of attachment

What is distal?

away from the point of attachment

what is the Barrel

trunk of the body formed by rib cage and abdomen

what is the Brisket

area at the base of the neck between the front leg, covers cranial end of sternum

what is the Cannon

large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals

what is the Fetlock

joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

What is the flank?

lateral surface of abdomen between last rib and hind legs

What is the hock?

Tarsus

What is the knee

Carpus of hoofed animals

What is the muzzle?

rostral part of the face formed mainly by maxillary and nasal bones

What is the pastern

area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

what is the poll

Top of the head between the bases of the ears

What is a stifle?

femorotibial/femoropatellar joint equivalent to human knee

What is the trailhead

dorsal part of the base of the tail

what is Withers

area dorsal to scapulas

what is the dorsal cavity

central nervous system

cranial cavity (cranium)

spinal cavity (spinal canal)

what is the ventral cavity

Thorax and abdomen

viscera

what are the major structures of the thorax

heart

major blood vessels

lungs

Esophagus

what is in the ventral cavity caudal abdominal cavity

digestive organs

urinary organs

reproductive organs

What are cells

Basic unit of life

What are organs?

Organs are groups of tissues that work together to perform certain functions

What are systems?

a group of organs working together to perform a complex body function

Single structure ograns

brain,Heart,uterus

what are occurring pairs of organs

eyes,lungs,kidney's

what is health

A state of normal anatomy and physiology

What is a disease?

The result when structure of function of the body become abnormal

What is homeostasis?

maintenance of dynamic equilibrium

structures

functions

properties

makes life possible

Cells are

Basic unit of life

Cells preform all functions of life

What are atoms

Smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element

Composed of subatomic particles

Protons are

positive

Neutrons

neutral charge

Electrons

negative charge

What are the types mixtures

Molecules and compounds

Molecules

Forms when atoms are joined together by chemical bonds

When atoms of the same element bond together it is a molecule of the element

Compounds

When atoms of different elements join together, a compound is formed.

What are the mixtures

Solution

Colloid = emulsion

Suspension

What is a solution

soulet particles very tiny do not settle out or scatter light

example mineral water

What is a colloid

A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out.

example jello

What is a suspension?

soulet particles are very large and settle out and scatter out and may scatter light

example blood or dewormer

Do we shake suspension

yes because they scatter out

what makes a chemical bonds

The ways atoms join together to form molecules

what are the chemical bonds

Covalent bond

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

what is a example of a covalent bond

Water (H20)

What is a example of Ionic Bond

NaCl or salt

what is an example of hydrogen bond

water

what are the types of chemical reaction

Synthesis

Decomposition

Exchange

Synthesis reaction

makes things

Occurs in body as an anabolic process

growth and repair

Multiple smaller molecules or elements combined

anabolic process

Consumes energy to create a complex molecule from a simple molecule

Decomposition reaction

break things down

Single chemical is broken down

Occurs in body as a catabolic process

Catabolic process

Chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules and releases energy.

Exchange reaction

Certain atoms exchanged between molecules

organic compounds

Essential components of all living organisms

Large, complex molecules

Contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds Examples: proteins, carbohydrates,triglycerides, and nucleic acids

inorganic compounds

Compounds that do not contain carbon

Small molecules

have ionic bonding

Examples: water, salts, acids, andbases

Role of water

Universal solvent

Ideal transport medium

Capacity for absorption of high heat

High heat of vaporization

Lubrication

Chemicals that dissolve or mix well in water are called

Hydrophilic