World Civilization Unit 3 Section #2

Liu Bang

Liu Bang

Peasant General who turned on and defeated the Qin Empire

Liu Bang Established

The Han Empire and kept the centralized government and unity of the Qin

Han Dynasty

Long lived dynasty that brought stability and wealth to China. was considered a Chinese “Golden Age”

Han Wudi

strongest Emporer in China

Han Wudi formed

Confucian education system to determine government jobs

Han Wudi saw value in

trade

Han Increased

Iron Metallurgy and Silk production (Secret)

Han Invented

paper and sternpost rudder

Elaborate Beaurocracy brought

standardization

Indus River Valley Modern

Pakistan

Largest of first wave civilizations

Indus River Valley

Indus River Valley had

Predictable Flooding, no torrential monsoons, food surplus

Monsoons

prevailing winds

Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

Large Indian City States, urban, evidence of central authority

Indo-Aryan Ivasion

Nomadic people from central Asia gain control of India. establish early religious caste system

Mauryan Empire Rule

through huge Beaurocratic government led by an emporer

Emporer Ashoka

Communicated through Rock Edicts, unified all of india except for the southern tip, converted to buddhism

After Ashoka’s Death

Empire declined and split into multiple kingdoms

Gupta Empire rule

through local and state goverments

Gupta Empire

develop pi, zero, numbers 1 through 9, astronomy, and practiced early inoculation of smallpox

Factors of Gupta collapse

too culturally diverse, Hun Invasion, local loyalty (not state)

Trading ideal because of

reliable Monsoon winds

India connected ocean trading with

Rome and Southwest Asia

Caste order

Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra, Untouchables

Brahmin

priests and teachers

Kshatriya

Warriors and Rulers

Vaishya

Farmers, Merchants, and Artisans

Sudra

Laborers and peasants

The Rock Edicts

laws carved on stone pillars

Brahman

world soul

Siddhartha Gautama

founder of Buddhism

Enlightenment

Desire causes all suffering

The Four Noble Truths

Suffering is a part of life, Suffering is caused by ignorance and desire, Suffering can only be eliminated by eliminating desire

Noble eightfold Path

Buddha’s path to Nirvana

Nirvana

escape from reincarnation

What will eliminate desire?

Moderate lifestyle, self-control, and compassion for others

Why did Buddhism appeal to the lower classes?

It was egalitarian

Mahayan Buddhism

form of buddhism spread into central and eastern asia where Buddha is worshipped as a God

The most geographically isolated from Ancient River Civilizations

China

China had the highest degree of

Centralization

Centralization

The concentration of control of something under a single authority

The first Chinese civilization developed along the

Huang He (yellow) river

Loess

type of soil deposited from yearly flood

Xia Dynasty

China’s first kingdom

Feudalism

Government System in which people and land are protected by people of higher rank and worked and fought for them in return

Mandate of Heaven

Concept of rule in which the power of the leader is granted from the heavens

Zhou Dynasty practiced

feudalism and Mandate of Heaven

Period of Warring States

250-year time period between the fall of Zhou and the rise of the Qin known for chaos, warfare, and instability. 7 kingdoms fighting

Qin Shihuangdi

first emperor of China

Qin Dynasty started

The Great Wall of China

Qin Dynasty practiced

Legalism

Qin Shihuangdi hated

The elite and taxed land heavily

Qin Dynasty Invaded

Korea and Vietnam

Shihuangdi death

Qin Dynasty quickly falls apart

Qin Dynasty replaced by

Han Dynasty

Legalism

people are evil and need strict rules and punishments

Confucianism

Moral and ethical behavior by superior people

Confucianism believed in

Filial Piety

Filial Piety

Respect for parents, women, and men

Daoism

Emphasized withdrawal from society, self-sufficiency, and the abandonment of education

Civil Service Exams

Written tests taken to become bureaucrats

Scholar/Gentry

Wealthy educated men who owned large amounts of land

Merchants in China

Stereotyped as Greedy

Peasants in China

Made up most of the population

Slaves in China

Made up less than 1% of the population

Four Characteristics for women’s behavior according to Ban Zhou

Virtue, Speech, Manner, Merit

Empress Wu

First and only female leader of China