BIO 2.2 - Plant Growth

three main types of plant life histories

annuals

biennials

perennials

annuals

plants that compete their life cycle in a single year

biennials

plants that require two growing seasons

perennials 

plants that grow and live for many years 

meristems 

continuously dividing unspecialized embryonic tissues 

two types of meristems

apical

lateral 

apical 

meristems located at the tips of roots and shoots, elongate shoots and roots 

lateral

grows in lateral direction

why is it important to elongate shoots and roots

critical for plants survival and growth, allows to gain resources and respond to surrounding environmental changes 

what does lateral meristems do

add thickness to woody plants

process that adds thickness to woody plants

secondary growth

two lateral meristems

vascular cambium

cork cambium

what does vascular cambium do

adds layer of vascualr tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem

what does cork cambium do 

replaces the epidermis with periderm 

meristems give rise to

initials

derivatives 

initials

stem cells

derivatives

specialized in mature tissues

root tip benifits

protects apical meristem as root pushes through soil

growth occurs behind the root tip in what three zones

zone of cell division

zone of elongation 

zone of differentiation/maturation 

what does the primary growth of roots produce

epidermis

ground tissue 

vascular tissue 

what is the cortex

region between vascular cylinder and epidermis

endodermis

innermost layer of the cortex

pericycle

outermost cell layer in vascular cylinder

shoot apical meristem

dome shaped mass of dividing cells at shoot tip

where do lateral shoots develop from

axillary buds