Week 2 Primary Tissue Types and Functions

4 primary tissue types

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

main function of epithelial tissue

Protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, sensory reception

simple vs stratified epithelium

Simple = 1 layer; stratified = multiple layers

simple squamous epithelium location

Alveoli, blood vessels (diffusion)

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

Secretion + absorption (found in kidney tubules, glands)

main feature of stratified squamous epithelium

Protection against abrasion (skin, mouth, esophagus)

difference between endocrine and exocrine glands

Endocrine = ductless, hormones into blood; exocrine = ducts, onto surfaces

three main connective tissue fibers

Collagen (strength), elastic (stretch), reticular (support mesh)

cell that makes connective tissue fibers

Fibroblasts

two types of dense connective tissue

Dense regular (parallel fibers), dense irregular (random fibers)

three types of cartilage

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

function of adipose tissue

Fat storage, insulation, cushioning

difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle control

Skeletal = voluntary; cardiac + smooth = involuntary

location of smooth muscle

Walls of hollow organs (intestines, bladder, blood vessels)

unique feature of cardiac muscle

Intercalated discs, striations, branched cells

basic structure of a neuron

Cell body, dendrites, axon, axon terminals, myelin sheath

three structural neuron types

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

function of astrocytes

Support neurons, regulate blood-brain barrier

glial cell that forms myelin in the CNS

Oligodendrocytes

glial cell that forms myelin in the PNS

Schwann cells

synapse

Junction between two neurons for signal transmission

function of erythrocytes

Carry oxygen + carbon dioxide

function of leukocytes

Immune defense, fighting infection

path of deoxygenated blood through the heart

Body → vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs

hepatic portal system

Venous system carrying blood from GI tract + spleen to liver for processing