Ribosome and Protein Synthesis

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to ribosomes and protein synthesis.

Ribosome

A cell's protein factory where mRNA is read to synthesize proteins.

Translation

The process by which the mRNA strand is decoded into a protein.

Codon

Three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify a single amino acid.

Amino Acid

The building blocks of proteins, which are determined by the mRNA sequence.

mRNA

Messenger RNA, a copy of a DNA strand that carries genetic instructions to the ribosome.

Valine

An essential amino acid specified by a specific codon.

Stop Codon

A codon that signals the end of protein synthesis.

Methionine

An amino acid that is often the first to be incorporated during protein synthesis.

Isoleucine

An essential amino acid coded by specific codons.

Lysine

An essential amino acid encoded by the codon AAA.

Glutamic Acid

An amino acid specified by the codon GAA.