★ ap bio : cell structure and function

studied byStudied by 17 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

prokaryote

1 / 27

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

i gen dont know if this is finished or not but ima post it.. i comes frm a study guide frm my ap bio teacher

28 Terms

1

prokaryote

a microscopic single-cell organism that doesn’t have a nucleus; examples include bacteria

New cards
2

eukaryote

a microscopic multicellular organism that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm; examples include plants + animals

New cards
3

plasma membrane

forms the boundary for a cell; is selectively permeable + made of phospholipids, proteins + carbs

New cards
4

endoplasmic reticulum (er)

network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis + other synthetic/metabolic processes

New cards
5

cell wall

protects plant + helps maintain shape

New cards
6

nuclear envelope

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus- it has pore structures that regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus

New cards
7

chromatin

the complex DNA and protein housed in the nucleus that forms chromosones

New cards
8

nucleolus

the region of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized and complexes with proteins to form ribosomal subunits

New cards
9

ribosomes

the site of protein synthesis that is composed of rRNA; found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

New cards
10

golgi apparatus

the warehouse of proteins-- each protein from the ER are received, sorted, folded, modified if needed, and shipped

New cards
11

lysosomes

membrane-bound sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that digest large molecules

New cards
12

vacuoles

large vesicles that perform a variety of functions in different kinds of cells

New cards
13

central vacuoles

a prominent organelle in older plant cells that can make up 80% of volume of the cell

New cards
14

mitochondria

the site of cellular respiration (the powerhouse of the cell)

New cards
15

chloroplast

the site of photosynthesis

New cards
16

endosymbiont theory

a theory where the mitochondria and chloroplast descended from prokaryotes and were engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotes-- evidence includes having their own DNA, double membrane structure, and being able to reproduce independently

New cards
17

cristae

the inner folding of the mitochondria-- they increase the surface area, which enhances the productivity of cellular respiration

New cards
18

cytoskeleton

a network of protein fibers that runs throughout the cytoplasm-- responsible for support, mobility, and regulation in some biochemical activities

New cards
19

microtubules

the largest protein fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton; made of protein tubulin + shape and support cell

New cards
20

microfilaments (actin filaments)

a protein fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton that are composed of the protein actin-- functions in smaller-scale support

New cards
21

intermediate filaments

a protein fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton; similar to microfilaments but are important in maintaining shape of the call and fixing position of certain organelles

New cards
22

transport protein

a protein that can transport certain hydrophilic substances into the plasma membrane

New cards
23

aquaporin

a special transport protein for water

New cards
24

passive transport

where a substance travels from a high concentration to a low concentration-- it requires no energy

New cards
25

passive diffusion

a type of passive transport; where hydrophobic substances can easily pass thru the membrane (this is because of the hydrophobic tails in the bilayer)

New cards
26

omosis

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

New cards
27

isotonic solution

where water crosses at the same rate in both directions of the membrane

New cards
28

hypertonic solution

where the cell loses water to its surroundings

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 45 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 5 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (30)
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 14 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (39)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 19 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (465)
studied byStudied by 28 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot