International-A-Level-Biology-Student-Book-sample

What is the primary structure of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain, held together by peptide bonds.

What are the key components of a triglyceride?

Glycerol and three fatty acids.

What is atherosclerosis?

A condition in which plaques build up on the inside of arteries, hardening them and narrowing the artery.

Define 'risk' in a scientific context.

The probability that an event will happen.

What is the difference between correlation and causation?

Correlation indicates a relationship between two variables, while causation establishes that one variable directly causes the other.

What are dietary antioxidants?

Molecules found in fruits and vegetables that may inhibit the oxidation of other molecules, potentially protecting cells from damage.

Describe the Bohr effect.

The phenomenon where an increase in carbon dioxide concentration decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, facilitating oxygen release in tissues.

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

BMI = weight in kilograms/(height in meters)^2.

What are LDLs and HDLs?

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) carry cholesterol to cells, while high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) carry cholesterol away from cells to the liver.

Explain the role of the heart in the circulatory system.

The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.