The Middle Ages and the Hundred Years War

what is the origin of the term medieval?

medium (middle) and aveum (age)

What is the medieval period?

the transition between the enlightened ancient world and the resurgence of that enlightenment in the modern world

who are the merovingians? and who are they named after?

early frankish rulers
named after early frank king Meroveg

who is clovis?

King of the Franks

who is clovis' wife?

Queen Clotilde

why did clovis become Christian?

his wife and his new subjects were Christian, making his rule over them more powerful

where did the real power lay by 700 CE?

the mayors of the palace

who is charles martel?

mayor of the palace, called "Charles the Hammer"

why is charles martel called charles the hammer?

because of his successful campaigns against muslims in Tours.

Who did Pepin the Short defeat for the Pope?

Lombards

What are papal states?

pieces of land governed by the Pope.

Who is Pepin's son?

Charlemagne

What is the english meaning of Charlemagne?

Charles the Great

what is Charlemagne in latin?

Carolus Magnus

Why did Charlemagne push literacy?

he believed literacy was essential to being a good Christian

when, where, and who crowned Charlemagne as HRE?

Rome, Christmas Day, 800 CE, by Pope Leo III

Why was Charlemagne reluctant to accept the title of HRE from the Pope?

gave the Pope power to confer the title of emperor, making the Pope more powerful than the emperor

What are the missi dominici?

charlemagne's messengers that inspected his counts and administrators each year.

where is Charlemagne's capital?

Aix-la-Chapelle

where is Charlemagne's capital modern-day?

Aachen, Germany

who is Charlemagne's son?

Louis the Pious

what does it mean to "go-a-viking"?

to fight as a pirate or warrior

describe viking ships?

long, deckless ships powered by rowing oars and one sail. very shallow.

name two places vikings come from

1. norway
2. denmark

What viking removed Aethelred the Unready?

Sweyn Forkbeard

Who is Sweyn Forkbeard's son who married Queen Emma?

King Cnut

Define feudalism

a highly decentralized form of government that stressed alliances of mutual protection between monarchs and nobles of varying degrees of power.

what did nobles get for giving land?

loyalty and military aid

a person who gives land

lord

a person who receives land

vassal

the only person who is lord and not vassal

king

define fief (fiefdom)

piece of land that a person receives is called a fief. their tract of land is called a fiefdom

Peace of God

forbade fighting in churches/holy places

Truce of God

forbade battling on Sundays/holy days

Castles

hill, moat, drawbridge

2 activities that nobles enjoyed

1. tournaments
2. hunting

Page

age 7
castle servant, trained in fighting

Squire

age 14
a knight's apprentice

Knight

age 21
full fledged

define chivalry

loyalty to your feudal lord, heavenly Lord, and chosen lady

what is the Knight's Code basis for?

western good manners

2 parts of the Knight's Code

1. bravery in battle
2. fighting fairly

define manorialism

the economic ties between nobles and peasants: lords give protection, peasants give service

meaning of a regula

according to a rule
live a part from the world

meaning of in saceulo

secular
living out in the world

name the 3 evangelical counsels

1. poverty
2. chastity
3. obedience

what is the main tasks of monks?

to copy manuscripts

Define lay investiture

lay people (unordained ppl) like kings/other secular rulers gave symbols of office to bishops that would appoint, not the church

2 behaviors Pope Innocent III condemned in the clergy

1. drunkedness
2. dancing

Inquisition

Church wanted to end the spread of heresy

Reconquista

the expulsion of Muslims and Jews from Spain

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

reconquered Spain for the Catholics, saw themselves as defenders of the Catholic Faith, believed Spain was the "land of the Blessed Virgin"

Conversos

converted jews

Moriscos

converted muslims

to what royal house did edward iii belong?

plantagenet

edward was not only king of england, but also held which french title and lands?

Duke of Gascony

holding a french title made edward a king, but also what to the french king?

vassal

when the french attacked gascony, what was did the french and english enter into?

hundred years war

by what colorful name was edward iii's heir, also named edward, known as?

the Black Prince

at what battle of the 100 years war did edward, the black prince, distinguish himself?

battle of crecy

what weapon, introduced at the battle of crecy, became the dominant weapon of the european battlefield?

longbow

what is the term for the early muzzle-loaded firearm of the 16th century?

arquebus

who became king of england after edward iii's death?

richard ii

how was richard ii related to edward iii?

grandson

which disinherited and exiled cousin of richard ii's raised an army, returned to england, and defeated him to become king himself?

Henry Bolingbroke (Henry IV)

how did richard ii probably die?

from starvation in the tower of london

to what house did henry iv belong?

lancaster

what was henry iv called?

Bolingbroke

who was henry iv's heir?

his son, Henry V

henry v became the hero of which battle of the 100 years war?

battle of agincourt

how did henry v die?

dysentery

who became king of england and france after henry v's death?

his son, henry vi

who was the heir to the french throne? (title)

dauphin

which french peasant girl heard the voices of angels and saints telling her to raise an army and get the Dauphin, charles, crowned king of france?

Joan of arc

who captured joan of arc?

Burgundians (allies to the english)

which court tried Joan of Arc?

inquisition

after finding joan guilty of heresy and witchcraft, what id the court sentence her to?

burning

what did joan of arc say when she heard that she was to be executed?

"i am not afraid. i was born to do this."

how was joan of arc executed?

burned at the stake