Urdu Vocab

I

main

you (informal)

tum

you (formal)

aap

he/she

woh

we

hum

they

woh

masculine vs feminine noun

• Masculine often ends in -a

  • larka (boy)

  • kamra (room)

• Feminine often ends in -i

  • larki (girl)

  • kursi (chair)

infinitive form (to + verb)

Ends in -na

Verb	Meaning
khana	to eat
jana	to go
karna	to do
bolna	to speak

hoon vs hai vs hain vs ho

hoon - am (used for I)

hai - is/are (he/she/it)

hain. - are (plural — we or they)

ho - are (you)

Present Tense (Habitual)

[Verb stem] + ta/ti/te + hoon/hai/hein

Example (eat):

• Main khata hoon (I eat – masculine)

• Main khati hoon (I eat – feminine)

• Tum khate ho

• Woh khata hai

📌 Verb agrees with subject gender.

Present Continuous (Right Now)

Structure

Verb + raha/rahi/rahe + hoon/hai/hein

• Main ja raha hoon (I am going)

• Woh aa rahi hai (She is coming)

Past Tense

Transitive verbs use NE

If the verb has an object → subject takes “ne”

Main ne khana khaya.
I ate food.

Now the verb agrees with the object, not the subject.

• Main ne roti khayi (roti = feminine)

• Main ne aam khaya (aam = masculine)

Future Tense

Structure

Verb + ga/gi/ge

• Main jaunga (I will go – masculine)

• Main jaungi (feminine)

• Tum karoge

• Woh aaye gi

in

mein

on

par

from

se

to

ko

with

ke saath

Cases (Direct & Oblique)

When nouns meet postpositions, they change form. (usually only masculine)

Direct	Oblique
larka	larke
kamra	kamre

Example:

• kamra (room)

• kamre mein (in the room)

for plural : changes to -on

negation (makes sentence negative)

Simple Negation

nahi (not)

Main nahi ja raha hoon.
Woh khana nahi khata.

Past Negation

Main ne khana nahi khaya.

Questions (yes/no)

Just change intonation:

Tum aa rahe ho?

what

kya

where

kahan

when

kab

why

kyun

how

kaise

Because / That / If

• kyun ke (because)

• ke (that)

• agar (if)

Main nahi gaya kyun ke barish ho rahi thi.

The boy who is standing there is my friend.

Jo larka wahan khara hai, woh mera dost hai.

Sentence structure

• SOV → Subject–Object–Verb

• Gendered (masculine/feminine)

• Uses postpositions (instead of prepositions)

• Verb-heavy (verbs carry a lot of meaning)

Basic Word Order

English:

I eat food.

Urdu:

Main khana khata hoon.
I food eat am.

📌 Verb always comes at the end.