3.2 Urbanisation is caused by soci-economic change

Define natural increase?

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a year.

How does migration affect developed countries?

More people move to an area leading to even more to come.

De-industrialisation leads people to leave manufacturing towns.

Developed countries attract lots of skilled migration from international countries.

How does migration affect developing countries?

Developing countries usually have high % of their population working in agriculture.

As economic development happens, farming will become automated and these people will lose their jobs and have to move to the city.

Sometimes there’s a brain drain from developing to developed countries. This is when best educated people try live and work in a developed country.

How is the urban economies in developing countries?

Lots of worker in informal employment.

Most people are low-skilled and work in primary sectors.

Low pay, long hours and dangerous conditions.

How does migration affect emerging countries?

Brain drain affects emerging countries.

How is the urban economies in developed countries?

More education so a lot of people work in tertiary and quaternary sectors.

Lots of developed countries outsource raw materials and food production and manufacture to developing or emerging countries.

How is the urban economies in emerging countries?

Most people employed in secondary sector and low-skilled tertiary jobs.

High-skilled tertiary jobs become available as industrial economy grows an people have more money to spend on services.

How do cities grow or decline?

Migration

Natural increase

Define formal employment?

Jobs that are official and declared to the government.

Define informal employment?

A job that’s not officially recognised and the government has no record it exists.