Dental Sciences & Prev Dentistry- Ch 11- COMPLETE/WITH TERMS

For test

Angle’s classification

A system developed by Dr. Edward H. Angle to describe and classify occlusion and malocclusion

Anterior

Toward the front

Apical third

division of the root nearest the tip of the root

Buccal surface

tooth surface closest to the inner cheek

buccolingual division

lengthwise division of the crown in the labial or buccolingual direction, consisting of the facial or buccal/labial third, middle third, and lingual third

centric occlusion

maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

cervical third

division of the root nearest the neck of the tooth

concave

curved inward

contact area

area of the mesial or distal surface of the tooth that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch

convex

curved outward

curve of spee

curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion

curve of wilson

cross-arch curvature of the occlusal plane

deciduous

the first dentition of 20 teeth; often called “baby teeth”, “milk teeth”, or “primary teeth”

dentition

natural teeth in the dental arch

distal surface

the side surface of the tooth away from the midline

distoclusion

class 2 maloclussion, a dental condition where the lower teeth are positioned behind the upper teeth

embrasure

triangle space in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of the two adjoining teeth in contact

facial surface

tooth surface closest to the face.

labial surface

tooth surface surface closest to the lips

functional occlusion

contact of the teeth during biting and chewing movements

incisial surface

the chewing surface of the anterior teeth, the incisor teeth

interproximal space

the space between adjacent tooth surfaces

labioversion

a dental malocclusion where an anterior tooth, particularly a maxillary incisor or canine, is positioned or angled abnormally toward the lips

line angle

junction of two surface walls

lingual surface (palatal surface)

tooth surface (both maxillary and mandibular teeth) closest to the tongue

Malocclusion Class 3

the maxillary incisors are behind the mandibular incisors

malocclusion

a misalignment of the teeth and jaws, resulting in an improper bite. 

mandibular

lower jaw

maxillary

upper jaw

mesial surface

surface of the tooth toward the midline

mesioclusion (class 3)

a dental condition where the lower teeth are positioned further forward than the upper teeth when the jaws are closed

mesiodistal division

the lengthwise division of a tooth's crown into three equal sections—the mesial third, middle third, and distal third—running from the front (mesial) to the back (distal) of the tooth

Middle third

division of the root in the middle

mixed dentition

a mixture of permanent teeth/primary teeth, occurs between 6-12

nasmyth’s membrane

residue from epithelial tissue on the crowns of newly erupted teeth that may become extrinsically stained

neutroclusion

Class I malocclusion, is a condition where the upper and lower teeth are in the correct general alignment, with the upper incisors slightly overlapping the lower ones, but some individual teeth are still in an abnormal position.

occlusal surface

the chewing surface of the posterior teeth

occlusion

natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions

occlusocervical division

crosswise division of the crown that is parallel to the occlusal or incisal surface, consisting of the occlusal third, middle third, cervical third.

permanent dentition

set of the permanent 32 teeth

point angle

the angle formed by the junction of three surfaces

posterior

back teeth

primary dentition

set of milk teeth, primary teeth, set of 20

proximal surfaces

surfaces next to each other when teeth are adjacent in the arch

quadrant

4 imaginary sections in the teeth to count them.

permanent dentition - 8 in each quadrant

primary dentition- 5 in each quadrant

sextant

6 imaginary sections in the teeth, (maxillary only) 2 posteriors and 1 anterior. 5 in posterior, 6 in anterior

succedaneous teeth

permanent teeth that replace primary teeth

Primary Dentition

The first set of teeth that develop in children, typically consisting of 20 teeth. Primary dentition begins around six months of age and usually lasts until the child is about six years old. (“Deciduous Dentition” is the older term for Primary Dentition)

Mixed Dentition

— generally occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years

Both primary and permanent teeth are present during this period

The — period begins with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, which is a permanent mandibular first molar

This period ends with shedding of the last primary tooth

Permanent Dentition

The final, or adult, dentition

This period begins with shedding of the last primary tooth

Growth of the jawbones slows and eventually stops

There is very little growth of the jaw overall during this period because puberty has passed

Dental Arches

Structures that support the arrangement of teeth in the upper and lower jaws, consisting of the maxillary (Upper jaw) and mandibular arches (lower jaw).

What is Occlusion

When the upper and lower jaws come together. Example: when biting or chewing.

Quadrants

The four sections of the mouth, each containing a set of teeth, typically referred to as the upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left quadrants.

How many teeth does each quadrant hold? (Permanent Dentition)

8

How many teeth does each quadrant hold? (Primary Dentition)

5

Sextants

dividing the dentition into six parts

•Maxillary right posterior

•Maxillary anterior 

•Maxillary left posterior

•Mandibular right posterior

•Mandibular anterior

•Mandibular left posterior

Anterior Teeth

They are the incisors and canines. These are aligned to form a smooth, curving arc from the distal canine on one side of the arch to the distal canine on the opposite side.

Posterior Teeth

They are the premolars and molars, the posterior teeth are aligned with little to no curvature. These teeth appear to be in an almost straight line.

Four types of teeth

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

how many incisors do permanent dentitions have?

8 in total

4 in the anterior upper jaw, 4 in the anterior lower jaw

how many canines do permanent dentitions have?

4 in total

positioned between the incisors (front teeth) and the premolars (back teeth)

how many premolars do permanent dentitions have?

8 in total

located just behind the canines and before the molars, 4 per jaw

how many molars do permanent dentitions have?

12 in total

Located in the back of the mouth, behind the premolars.

6 on the upper jaw and 6 on the lower jaw, 3 in each quadrant.

The 12 molars include the first, second, and third molars, with the third molars also known as wisdom teeth.

Types of teeth primary dentitions have

The primary dentition has:

•Incisors - 8 total - 2 each quadrant

•Canines - 4 total - 1 each quadrant

•Molars - 8 total - 2 each quadrant

Which of the following is the preferred term for bicuspid?

premolar

Which of the following anatomic features of the teeth help to maintain their position in the dental arch and protect the tissues during chewing?

cementum, periodontal ligament, and ename

The meaning of dentition

the number, kind, and arrangement of teeth (as of a person or animal)

Contours

Curved surface of teeth.

Facial and Lingual contours

The normal contour of a tooth that provide the gingiva with stimulation for health, protecting from damage caused by food.

mesial/distal contour

provide where contact and embrasure form

Contact

When the mesial or distal surface touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch.

Contact serves to prevent food from being trapped between teeth, stabilize dental arch, protects gingival tissue from trauma during mastication.

Height of contour

refers to the “bulge”, or wide point of the surface of the crown, mesial and distal surface are usually considered the height of contour on the proximal surface, facial and lingual surface also have height of contour

Embrasures

When two teeth in the same arch touch, their curves next to the contact area leaves spaces between called?

Angles and divisions of teeth (Line/Point angle)

Line and point angles are used only as descriptive terms to indicate specific locations.

Line angle: Formed by the junction of two surface teeth

Point angle: Angle formed by the junction of three surfaces at one point

Division of thirds

Root of the tooth: Apical Third (top point), Middle Third, Cervical third (lower point)

Crown of tooth: Occlusocervical division (crosswise division parallel to occlusial surface)

Mesiodistal Division: Lengthwise division in a mesial-distal direction

Buccolingual Division: Lengthwise division in a labial or buccal-lingual direction

Occlusion

Malocclusion

—: The relationship of the maxillary and mandibular, how the jaw meet when they are fully close

—-: The abnormal or malpositioned relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth

Classes of Malocclusion

• Class 1

• Class 2

• Class 3

—: Neutroclusion (Ideal bite BUT the teeth are imperfect)

—: Distoclusion (the lower teeth are positioned too far back compared to the upper teeth, leading to the upper teeth overlapping the lower ones)

—: Mesioclusion (the lower teeth are positioned further forward than the upper teeth, causing an underbite.)

Divisions of Class 2 malocclusion

Division 1: •Lips are usually flat and parted, with the lower lip tucked behind the upper incisors (Maxillary incisors are in labioversion)

Division 2: Maxillary incisors are not in labioversion (Maxillary central incisors are nearly normal anteroposteriorly, and they may be slightly in linguoversion)

Closure

Anterior teeth are not designed to fully support the occlusal forces on the entire dental arch

(as the jaw closes, the stronger posterior teeth come together first)

Curve of Spee

The imaginary line that’s on the buccal surface, from the posterior teeth to anterior

Curve of Wilson

A cross-arch imaginary line that curves inside the posterior occlusal plane. Connects by the occlusal surface of the left mandibular first molar.

tooth numbering systems

Universal/National System: What Americans use, goes 1 (right maxillary 3rd molar) all the way around to 32 (right mandibular 3rd molar)

International Standards Organization System: Uses a two digit tooth recording system. First digit indicates the quadrant, second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant. Numbers go from the midline towards the posterior teeth.

Palmer Notation System: Uses the quadrant system, begins with number 1 on the anterior central incisor. (Example: Tooth 4, left maxillary side: L4. It would be the first premolar tooth)

Linguoversion

A tooth angled inward (towards the tongue) from its arch position.