Chap 11.3: cardiovascular system ( pathology)

Arrhymias ( loạn nhịp tim )

Arrhymias ( loạn nhịp tim )

abnormal heart rhythms

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

flutter

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Fibrillation - rung nhĩ

very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)

congenial heart disease - bệnh tim bẩm sinh

abnormalities in the heart at birth

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) -còn ống đm

passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

Coartation of Aorta (CoA) - hẹp eo đmc

narrowing of the aorta

septal defects - khuyết tật vách ngăn

small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

Tetraogy of fallot

presence of 4 congenital defects:

1. pulmonary artery stenosis ( hẹp đm phổi)

2. biventricular connecting aortic valve

3. VSD - ventricular septal defect ( thông liên thất)

4. right ventricular hypertrophy ( phì đại thất phải)

congestive heart failure (CHF) - suy tim sung huyết

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

coronary artery disease (CAD) - bệnh mạch vành

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

edocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

hypertensive heart disease (HHD) - tăng huyết áp

high blood pressure affecting the heart

mitral valve prolapse (MVP) - hở van 2 lá

improper closure of the mitral valve

Murmur

Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart.

pericarditis - viêm màng ngoài tim

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

rheumatic heart disease - bệnh thấp tim

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

aneurysm - chứng phình đm

local widening of an arterial wall

deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - huyết khối tm sâu

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

hypertension (HTN)

high blood pressure

peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - bệnh đm ngoại biên

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

Raynaud disease

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

varicose veins

abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs