AP HUG UNIT 5 REAL REAL VERSIOn

AP HUG UNIT 5 REAL REAL VERSIOnAP HUG UNIT 5 REAL REAL VERSIOnAP HUG UNIT 5 REAL REAL VERSIOnAP HUG UNIT 5 REAL REAL VERSIOn

Primary sector

The primary sector involves extracting raw materials directly from the Earth

Secondary sector

The secondary sector includes industries that manufacture goods from raw materials

Tertiary sector

The tertiary sector provides services to people

Quaternary sector

The quaternary sector focuses on jobs involving research

Quinary sector

The quinary sector involves high-level services

Gross National Product (GNP)

GNP measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country’s citizens

Gross National Income (GNI)

GNI calculates the total income earned by a country’s people and businesses both locally and internationally.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a country.

Remittances

Remittances are the money sent home by workers who live or work in another country.

Per capita

Per capita refers to the average amount per person.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

PPP compares how much goods and services money can buy in different countries.

Formal sector

The formal sector consists of legal and regulated jobs that pay taxes.

Informal sector

The informal sector includes jobs that are not officially registered or taxed.

Gini coefficient

The Gini coefficient measures income inequality in a country

Life expectancy

Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live in a country.

Literacy rate

Literacy rate measures the percent of people who can read and write.

Gender gap

The gender gap refers to differences in opportunities or rights between men and women.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

The Gender Inequality Index measures how much inequality exists between men and women.

HDI (Human Development Index)

The HDI measures a country’s development using income

NGOs

NGOs are non-governmental organizations that provide aid and help with social or economic development.

Stages of Economic Growth

Stages of Economic Growth describe how countries progress from traditional economies to modern ones.

World Systems Theory

World Systems Theory explains how countries are connected in a global economic system with rich and poor nations.

Core-Periphery Model

The Core-Periphery Model shows that wealthy core countries are surrounded by poorer periphery countries.

Dependency model

The Dependency model suggests that poor countries rely on rich countries

Commodities

Commodities are raw materials or basic goods

Commodity dependence

Commodity dependence occurs when a country relies mostly on exporting raw materials for income.

Sustainability

Sustainability means using resources in a way that does not harm future generations.

Sustainable development

Sustainable development involves economic growth without causing environmental damage.

Ecological footprint

An ecological footprint measures how much land and resources a person or country uses to support their lifestyle.

Sustainable Development Index

The Sustainable Development Index measures a country’s development while considering its environmental impact.

Adolescent fertility rate

Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1

Cooperative store

A cooperative store is a business owned and run by its workers or customers. (costco for example is one)

Developed country

A developed country is wealthy with high living standards and advanced infrastructure.

Developing country

A developing country has lower income

Development

Development is the process of improving people’s quality of life and economic opportunities.

Fair trade

Fair trade ensures producers are paid fair wages and supports ethical production.

Female labor force participation

Female labor force participation measures the percent of women working or seeking work.

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

FDI occurs when a company invests in another country’s economy or businesses.

HDC

HDC stands for Highly Developed Country

Inequality-adjusted HDI

Inequality-adjusted HDI adjusts the HDI to account for income or opportunity gaps.

LDC

LDC stands for Less Developed Country

Maternal mortality rate

Maternal mortality rate measures the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes per 100

MDC

MDC stands for More Developed Country

Microfinance

Microfinance provides small loans to help people start businesses or improve income.

Productivity

Productivity measures the amount of goods or services a worker produces in a certain period.

Pupil/teacher ratio

Pupil/teacher ratio shows the number of students per teacher in a school or country.

Value added

Value added is the increase in value when raw materials are turned into products.