NUSC 1165: Fundamentals of Nutrition

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the fundamentals of nutrition discussed in the lecture.

Nutrition

The scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them.

Essential Nutrients

Approximately 45 nutrients necessary for human life that must be supplied through the diet.

Macronutrients

Nutrients that provide energy, consisting of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, needed in large amounts.

Micronutrients

Nutrients such as vitamins and minerals needed in smaller amounts in the diet.

Nutrient Density

A measure of the nutrients a food provides in comparison to its energy content.

Malnutrition

A condition resulting from consuming either too little or too much of essential nutrients.

Obesity

A form of overnutrition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation.

Food Environment

The external elements that influence food availability and choices, including prices, advertisements, and store accessibility.

Fortified Foods

Foods that have nutrients added to them, such as milk with added vitamin A.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Recommendations for energy, nutrients, and food components that healthy people should consume.

Nutritional Genomics

The study of how genetics affects a person's response to nutrients and food.

Epidemiology

The study of diet, health, and disease patterns in different populations.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Federal nutrition guidelines updated every five years to promote health and reduce disease risk.

Case-Control Studies

A type of observational study comparing individuals with a specific disease to those without it.

Average Energy Requirements (EERs)

Predictions of energy intakes needed to maintain body weight based on various factors.

Food Frequency Questionnaire

A survey method used to study food intake patterns.

Transit Time

The duration it takes for food to move through the gastrointestinal tract.

Heartburn

A burning sensation caused by stomach contents leaking back into the esophagus.

Gastrin

A hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid in the stomach.

Villi

Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area.

Intestinal Microbiota

The microorganisms in the intestines that produce nutrients and impact host health.